Vulnerability in Cyberoam DPI devices [30 Jun 2012] (CVE-2012-3372) =================================================================== Cyberoam make a range of DPI devices (http://www.cyberoamworks.com/) which are capable of intercepting SSL connections. In common with all such devices, in order to intercept these connections without causing certificate warnings, the devices require that a certificate must be issued for the intercepted site by a CA browsers trust. There are two ways to achieve this - one is to persaude an existing trusted CA to issue a certificate for the site to be intecepted, or an intermediate CA that can then be used to generate new certificates on the fly. This latter behaviour recently got Trustwave in trouble. The second method is to have each willing victim[1] install a new trusted CA in their browser, and have that CA issue the fake certificates. This is, of course, the only legitimate way to use these devices and we are pleased to see that this is the approach Cyberoam reveal to the public. However, it is a little surprising that the Cyberoam devices appear to all use exactly the same CA. This can be seen to be so by looking at the support page describing how to avoid warnings: http://docs.cyberoam.com/default.asp?id=300. Examination of a certificate chain generated by a Cyberoam device shows that this CA is not used to sign an intermediate which is then used by the device, and so therefore all such devices share the same CA certificate and hence the same private key. It is therefore possible to intercept traffic from any victim of a Cyberoam device with any other Cyberoam device - or, indeed, to extract the key from the device and import it into other DPI devices, and use those for interception. Perhaps ones from more competent vendors. [1] In the corporate setting, willing victims are often known as "employees". Unwilling victims should not, of course, install the CA certificate, nor should they click through certificate warnings. Mitigation ========== Victims should uninstall the Cyberoam CA certificate from their browsers and decline to complete any connection which gives a certificate warning. Credit ====== This issue was discovered and analysed by Runa A. Sandvik of the Tor Project and Ben Laurie.