The Montgomery ladder implementation in OpenSSL through 1.0.0l does not ensure that certain swap operations have a constant-time behavior, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain ECDSA nonces via a FLUSH+RELOAD cache side-channel attack.
diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 4bf93e1..edea4a1 100644 (file)
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -4,7 +4,14 @@
Changes between 1.0.0l and 1.0.0m [xx XXX xxxx]
- *)
+ *) Fix for the attack described in the paper "Recovering OpenSSL
+ ECDSA Nonces Using the FLUSH+RELOAD Cache Side-channel Attack"
+ by Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger. Details can be obtained from:
+ http://eprint.iacr.org/2014/140
+
+ Thanks to Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger for discovering this
+ flaw and to Yuval Yarom for supplying a fix (CVE-2014-0076)
+ [Yuval Yarom and Naomi Benger]
Changes between 1.0.0k and 1.0.0l [6 Jan 2014]
diff --git a/crypto/bn/bn.h b/crypto/bn/bn.h
index a0bc478..2cb23c1 100644 (file)
--- a/crypto/bn/bn.h
+++ b/crypto/bn/bn.h
@@ -538,6 +538,8 @@ BIGNUM *BN_mod_inverse(BIGNUM *ret,
BIGNUM *BN_mod_sqrt(BIGNUM *ret,
const BIGNUM *a, const BIGNUM *n,BN_CTX *ctx);
+void BN_consttime_swap(BN_ULONG swap, BIGNUM *a, BIGNUM *b, int nwords);
+
/* Deprecated versions */
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED
BIGNUM *BN_generate_prime(BIGNUM *ret,int bits,int safe,
@@ -759,11 +761,20 @@ int RAND_pseudo_bytes(unsigned char *buf,int num);
#define bn_fix_top(a) bn_check_top(a)
+#define bn_check_size(bn, bits) bn_wcheck_size(bn, ((bits+BN_BITS2-1))/BN_BITS2)
+#define bn_wcheck_size(bn, words) \
+ do { \
+ const BIGNUM *_bnum2 = (bn); \
+ assert(words <= (_bnum2)->dmax && words >= (_bnum2)->top); \
+ } while(0)
+
#else /* !BN_DEBUG */
#define bn_pollute(a)
#define bn_check_top(a)
#define bn_fix_top(a) bn_correct_top(a)
+#define bn_check_size(bn, bits)
+#define bn_wcheck_size(bn, words)
#endif
diff --git a/crypto/bn/bn_lib.c b/crypto/bn/bn_lib.c
index 5470fbe..5c51ac8 100644 (file)
--- a/crypto/bn/bn_lib.c
+++ b/crypto/bn/bn_lib.c
@@ -843,3 +843,55 @@ int bn_cmp_part_words(const BN_ULONG *a, const BN_ULONG *b,
}
return bn_cmp_words(a,b,cl);
}
+
+/*
+ * Constant-time conditional swap of a and b.
+ * a and b are swapped if condition is not 0. The code assumes that at most one bit of condition is set.
+ * nwords is the number of words to swap. The code assumes that at least nwords are allocated in both a and b,
+ * and that no more than nwords are used by either a or b.
+ * a and b cannot be the same number
+ */
+void BN_consttime_swap(BN_ULONG condition, BIGNUM *a, BIGNUM *b, int nwords)
+ {
+ BN_ULONG t;
+ int i;
+
+ bn_wcheck_size(a, nwords);
+ bn_wcheck_size(b, nwords);
+
+ assert(a != b);
+ assert((condition & (condition - 1)) == 0);
+ assert(sizeof(BN_ULONG) >= sizeof(int));
+
+ condition = ((condition - 1) >> (BN_BITS2 - 1)) - 1;
+
+ t = (a->top^b->top) & condition;
+ a->top ^= t;
+ b->top ^= t;
+
+#define BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(ind) \
+ do { \
+ t = (a->d[ind] ^ b->d[ind]) & condition; \
+ a->d[ind] ^= t; \
+ b->d[ind] ^= t; \
+ } while (0)
+
+
+ switch (nwords) {
+ default:
+ for (i = 10; i < nwords; i++)
+ BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(i);
+ /* Fallthrough */
+ case 10: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(9); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 9: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(8); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 8: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(7); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 7: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(6); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 6: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(5); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 5: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(4); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 4: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(3); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 3: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(2); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 2: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(1); /* Fallthrough */
+ case 1: BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP(0);
+ }
+#undef BN_CONSTTIME_SWAP
+}
diff --git a/crypto/ec/ec2_mult.c b/crypto/ec/ec2_mult.c
index e12b9b2..049b5d5 100644 (file)
--- a/crypto/ec/ec2_mult.c
+++ b/crypto/ec/ec2_mult.c
@@ -206,11 +206,15 @@ static int gf2m_Mxy(const EC_GROUP *group, const BIGNUM *x, const BIGNUM *y, BIG
return ret;
}
+
/* Computes scalar*point and stores the result in r.
* point can not equal r.
- * Uses algorithm 2P of
+ * Uses a modified algorithm 2P of
* Lopez, J. and Dahab, R. "Fast multiplication on elliptic curves over
* GF(2^m) without precomputation" (CHES '99, LNCS 1717).
+ *
+ * To protect against side-channel attack the function uses constant time swap,
+ * avoiding conditional branches.
*/
static int ec_GF2m_montgomery_point_multiply(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *r, const BIGNUM *scalar,
const EC_POINT *point, BN_CTX *ctx)
@@ -244,6 +248,11 @@ static int ec_GF2m_montgomery_point_multiply(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *r,
x2 = &r->X;
z2 = &r->Y;
+ bn_wexpand(x1, group->field.top);
+ bn_wexpand(z1, group->field.top);
+ bn_wexpand(x2, group->field.top);
+ bn_wexpand(z2, group->field.top);
+
if (!BN_GF2m_mod_arr(x1, &point->X, group->poly)) goto err; /* x1 = x */
if (!BN_one(z1)) goto err; /* z1 = 1 */
if (!group->meth->field_sqr(group, z2, x1, ctx)) goto err; /* z2 = x1^2 = x^2 */
@@ -268,16 +277,12 @@ static int ec_GF2m_montgomery_point_multiply(const EC_GROUP *group, EC_POINT *r,
word = scalar->d[i];
while (mask)
{
- if (word & mask)
- {
- if (!gf2m_Madd(group, &point->X, x1, z1, x2, z2, ctx)) goto err;
- if (!gf2m_Mdouble(group, x2, z2, ctx)) goto err;
- }
- else
- {
- if (!gf2m_Madd(group, &point->X, x2, z2, x1, z1, ctx)) goto err;
- if (!gf2m_Mdouble(group, x1, z1, ctx)) goto err;
- }
+ BN_consttime_swap(word & mask, x1, x2, group->field.top);
+ BN_consttime_swap(word & mask, z1, z2, group->field.top);
+ if (!gf2m_Madd(group, &point->X, x2, z2, x1, z1, ctx)) goto err;
+ if (!gf2m_Mdouble(group, x1, z1, ctx)) goto err;
+ BN_consttime_swap(word & mask, x1, x2, group->field.top);
+ BN_consttime_swap(word & mask, z1, z2, group->field.top);
mask >>= 1;
}
mask = BN_TBIT;
