-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA512 Advisory ID: SYSS-2015-002 Product: Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Windows (KES) Vendor: Kaspersky Lab ZAO Affected Version(s): 8.1.0.1042, 10.2.1.23 Tested Version(s): 8.1.0.1042, 10.2.1.23 Vulnerability Type: Use of a One-Way Hash without a Salt (CWE-759) Risk Level: Low Solution Status: Fixed Vendor Notification: 2015-02-19 Solution Date: 2015-10-01 Public Disclosure: 2015-10-01 CVE Reference: Not yet assigned Authors of Advisory: Sven Freund and Matthias Deeg (SySS GmbH) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Overview: Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Windows provides centralized protection of Windows workstations and Windows servers from malware, potentially dangerous programs and network attacks. It includes features such as data encryption functionality for encrypting hard drives and removable devices, centralized vulnerability flagging and virtual machine support (see [1]). ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Vulnerability Details: The SySS GmbH found out that the admin password for protecting different functions of the Kaspersky Endpoint Security software, like managing backups or stopping protection services, is stored as raw, unsalted MD5 hash value in the Windows registry. The used registry value "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\KasperskyLab\protected\KES10\settings\OPEP" is by default readable by every user. The use of the cryptographic one-way hash function MD5 without using a salt for storing sensitive data like admin passwords allows an attacker with access to this data to perform efficient password guessing attacks using pre-computed dictionaries, for instance rainbow tables. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Proof of Concept (PoC): The configured admin password is stored as raw, unsalted MD5 hash value of the UTF-16 (wide char) string representation of the set password. For instance, it can be read using the following command: C:\Users\SySS>reg query HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\KasperskyLab\protected\KES10\settings /v OPEP HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\KasperskyLab\protected\KES10\settings OPEP REG_SZ CFB37E7C04BEA837D23005199B1CD62B The read string in this example is a raw, unsalted MD5 hash value of the UTF-16 string "syss", as the following output illustrates: $ echo -en "s\x00y\x00s\x00s\x00" | md5sum cfb37e7c04bea837d23005199b1cd62b - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Solution: According to information by Kaspersky, the described security issue has been fixed in newer software releases. Please contact the manufacturer for further information or support. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Disclosure Timeline: 2015-02-19: Vulnerability reported to manufacturer 2015-02-19: Manufacturer acknowledges e-mail with SySS security advisory 2015-03-17: Rescheduling of the publication date in agreement with the manufacturer 2015-04-14: Rescheduling of the publication date in agreement with the manufacturer 2015-09-28: SySS asks for further information about software fix 2015-10-01: Public release of security advisory on agreed publication date ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ References: [1] Product Web site for Kaspersky Endpoint Security for Windows http://support.kaspersky.com/kes10wks [2] SySS Security Advisory SYSS-2015-002 https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2015-002.txt [3] SySS Responsible Disclosure Policy https://www.syss.de/en/news/responsible-disclosure-policy/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Credits: This security vulnerability was found by Sven Freund and Matthias Deeg of the SySS GmbH. E-Mail: sven.freund (at) syss.de Public Key: https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Materialien/PGPKeys/Sven_Freund.asc Key fingerprint = DCDB 7627 C1E3 9CE8 62DF 2666 8A5F A853 415D 46DC E-Mail: matthias.deeg (at) syss.de Public Key: https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Materialien/PGPKeys/Matthias_Deeg.asc Key fingerprint = D1F0 A035 F06C E675 CDB9 0514 D9A4 BF6A 34AD 4DAB ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Disclaimer: The information provided in this security advisory is provided "as is" and without warranty of any kind. Details of this security advisory may be updated in order to provide as accurate information as possible. The latest version of this security advisory is available on the SySS Web site. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Copyright: Creative Commons - Attribution (by) - Version 3.0 URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v2 iQIcBAEBCgAGBQJWDPBhAAoJENmkv2o0rU2r7qQP/3bvgY/kJng3MVViCdZV5a+K 1Rufuh6S8v1mW/yX9fe0PcDuqDgdSup13Q9/3f2nxFQKo4ZEwKKMZgl/zuzc6Q7t ff4UnrkE8kDBMMhVen5bNQcjvux9cMkjP5fBd6SZLgv4gYNteltJizymoapn+FhK /NPYVcC87b3oZ36zAYrgddXIWdvZsZg33+WWJFqCXtdhI0uwBT4mX9/inO0bHCvO 7bMrCHXL2iTOHxA5DURgJ2RXZfN6kr3zmbaYpljeJfq2SgGMWE0hwwyiTL00okmD lGhcTPvIbQzKdgI3jG1BlT4XOHnxacYeMx3fa6fIUhj8QAGQUW7PLGuY18DTQBz/ 3ljUCYnD33aw3bK6WXDOkbRgcDA/LAipoyy8hGaajkFHjebt+Z6PcOTs7hzDToL/ QH178j6O2ACitLmKAemvh7tMcdJjXNFNwxtPNtkPa4hqNwaxJN/gfp45oZ5QLyFZ EXAwBWgVWOncTPjBQ1tCW8SLm2ZcdFouuxS12xVzjVuJN15IVe4GNUmIlNa+hXRR j5Q84EAiPcwofy1IrMh2XVYuAUohrRXfG2oGyQpJtbImcSxt0xxSO/G4sOHaNfQ4 ojyrRiyATMAdgwJeUBLtdbGKSWJnHFNuB6dKFqptXjAqYxdHOZ7RbUC9/wh5himw CuYSt6tWzOnSw2Je+zN2 =ZLyz -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----