X41 D-Sec GmbH Security Advisory: X41-2017-005 Multiple Vulnerabilities in peplink balance routers =================================================== Overview -------- Confirmed Affected Versions: 7.0.0-build1904 Confirmed Patched Versions: fw-b305hw2_380hw6_580hw2_710hw3_1350hw2_2500-7.0.1-build2093.bin Vulnerable Firmware: fw-b305hw2_380hw6_580hw2_710hw3_1350hw2_2500-7.0.0-build1904.bin Models: Balance Routers 305, 380, 580, 710, 1350, 2500 Vendor: Peplink Vendor URL: https://www.peplink.com/ Vector: Network Credit: X41 D-Sec GmbH, Eric Sesterhenn Additional Credits: Claus Overbeck (Abovo IT) Status: Public Advisory-URL: https://www.x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2017-005-peplink/ Summary and Impact ------------------ Several issues have been identified, which allow attackers to access the administrative web interface with admin credentials, delete files, perform CSRF and XSS attacks. Product Description ------------------- From the vendor webpage: Use Load Balancing and SpeedFusion bandwidth bonding to deliver superfast VoIP, video streaming, and data using an SD-WAN enabled network. Even with a basic Balance 20 dual-WAN router, you can mix different transport technologies and providers to keep your network up when individual links go down. Switching between links is automatic and seamless. SQL Injection via bauth Cookie ============================== Severity Rating: Critical Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8835 CWE: 89 CVSS Score: 9.8 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Summary and Impact ------------------ Peplink devices are vulnerable to an SQL injection attack via the bauth cookie parameter which is set e.g. when accessing https://ip/cgi-bin/MANGA/admin.cgi. The injection can be checked with the following command: ./sqlmap.py -u "https://ip/cgi-bin/MANGA/admin.cgi" --cookie="bauth=csOWLxU4BvoMfhY2rHLVFm1EmZWV74zinla9IVclqrYxH16426647" -p"bauth" --level 5 --risk 3 --dbms sqlite --technique=BEUSQ --flush-session -t trace.log --prefix "'" --suffix "--" -a The vulnerability in the Peplink device allows to access the SQLite session database containing user and session variables. By using the the following cookie in a web request, it is possible to select a running administrator session to be used for the attackers login. bauth=-12' or id IN (select s.id from sessions as s left join sessionsvariables as v on v.id=s.id where v.name='rwa' and v.value='1') or '1'='2 By forming specialised SQL queries, it is possible to retrieve usernames from the database. This worked by returning a valid session in case the username existed and no session if it did not exist. In the first case the server did not set a new session cookie in the response to the request. SELECT id FROM sessions WHERE sessionid = '-14' or id IN (select s.id from sessions as s left join sessionsvariables as v on v.id=s.id where v.name='username' and substr(v.value,1,3)='adm') Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. No CSRF Protection ================== Severity Rating: Medium Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8836 CWE: 352 CVSS Score: 5.4 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Summary and Impact ------------------ The CGI scripts in the administrative interface are not protected against cross site request forgery attacks. This allows an attacker to execute commands, if a logged in user visits a malicious website. This can for example be used to change the credentials of the administrative webinterface. Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. Passwords stored in Cleartext ============================= Severity Rating: Medium Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8837 CWE: 256 CVSS Score: 4.0 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N Summary and Impact ------------------ The Peplink devices store passwords in cleartext in the files /etc/waipass and /etc/roapass. In case one of these devices is compromised the attacker can gain access to the cleartext passwords and abuse them to compromise further systems. Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. XSS via syncid Parameter ======================== Severity Rating: Medium Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8838 CWE: 80 CVSS Score: 5.4 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Summary and Impact ------------------ If the webinterface is accessible, it is possible to abuse the syncid parameter to trigger a cross-site-scripting issue by calling https://ip/cgi-bin/HASync/hasync.cgi?debug=1&syncid=123%3Cscript%3Ealert%281%29%3C/script%3E This executes the JavaScript in the victims browser, which can be abused to steal session cookies. Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. XSS via preview.cgi =================== Severity Rating: Medium Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8839 CWE: 80 CVSS Score: 5.4 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N Summary and Impact ------------------ If the webinterface is accessible, it is possible to abuse the the orig_url parameter to trigger a cross-site-scripting issue in /guest/preview.cgi. The injection is directly into existing JavaScript. This executes the JavaScript in the victims browser, which can be abused to steal session cookies. Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. File Deletion ============= Severity Rating: Medium Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8841 CWE: 73 CVSS Score: 6.5 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H Summary and Impact ------------------ A logged in user can delete arbitrary files on the Peplink devices, by abusing the /cgi-bin/MANGA/firmware_process.cgi. When an absolute path is provided to the upfile.path parameter the file provided in the path is deleted during the process. This can be abused to cause a denial of service (DoS). In combination with the missing CSRF protection, this can be abused remotely via a logged in user. Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. Information Disclosure ====================== Severity Rating: Medium Vector: Network CVE: CVE-2017-8840 CWE: 200 CVSS Score: 5.3 CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N Summary and Impact ------------------ If the webinterface is accessible, it is possible to retrieve sensitive information without a valid login by opening cgi-bin/HASync/hasync.cgi?debug=1 This displays the following: -----8<------------------------------------------------ Master LAN Address = [ <internal ip> / <netmask> ] Serial Number = [ <serial number> ] HA Group ID = [ <group id> ] Virtual IP = [ <internal ip> / <netmask> ] Submitted syncid = [ <syncid> ] -----8<------------------------------------------------ This information can be valuable for an attacker to exploit other issues. Workarounds ----------- Install vendor supplied update. About X41 D-Sec GmbH -------------------- X41 D-Sec is a provider of application security services. We focus on application code reviews, design review and security testing. X41 D-Sec GmbH was founded in 2015 by Markus Vervier. We support customers in various industries such as finance, software development and public institutions. Timeline -------- 2017-04-07 Issue found 2017-04-10 Vendor asked for security contact 2017-04-11 Vendor replied, send GPG key 2017-04-11 Information supplied to vendor 2017-04-11 Vendor acknowledges that the information is received 2017-04-17 Vendor acknowledges SQL injection 2017-05-08 CVE IDs for all issues requested 2017-05-08 CVE IDs assigned 2017-05-11 Vendor informed about CVE IDs 2017-05-29 Version provided to X41 for testing 2017-05-31 First test results send back to the vendor 2017-06-01 Remaining test results send back to the vendor 2017-06-05 Coordinated Firmware and Advisory release -- X41 D-SEC GmbH, Dennewartstr. 25-27, D-52068 Aachen T: +49 241 9809418-0, Fax: -9 Unternehmenssitz: Aachen, Amtsgericht Aachen: HRB19989 GeschA$?ftsfA1/4hrer: Markus Vervier